排污权交易应用于农业面源污染研究

Research on the Application of Tradable Emissions to Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution

农业面源污染正在成为全球水污染的主要因素,对其进行有效控制直接关系到全球农业和社会的可持续发展。本文首先阐述了农业面源污染的来源、特点及危害,并对控制农业面源污染常用的税费、补贴、押金—退款等经济手段进行了分析。通过深入探讨排污权交易应用于农业面源污染的可行性和操作办法,得出点源与农业面源的排污权交易能够减少工业和农业的治污成本,实现社会收益最大化;农业面源之间的排污权交易能够增强农民技术革新的积极性,减少化肥农药的用量,保证农业可持续发展的结论。

Agricultural non-point source pollution is now the leading source of water pollution. The alleviation of agricultural non-point source pollution is becoming the most important issues for sustainable agricultural and social development in the world. This article first elaborates the origin, characteristic and disservice of agricultural non-point source pollution, and analyzes the commonly used economic method for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution such as taxes and fees, the allowance, the deposit - refund money and so on. Based on thorough discussion on the application of tradable emissions to agricultural non-point source pollution, we will come to the following conclusions： firstly, industry and agricultural anti- pollution cost can be reduced, society income might be maximized through exchanging pollution rights between point source pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution; Secondly, if pollution rights trade-off were permitted among agricultural non-point source pollutions themselves, farmers will be wild about technological innovation, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer. Sustainable agricultural development will be realized.