超低出生体重儿水电解质平衡的管理

Management of fluid and electrolyte balance in extremely low birth weight infants

介绍超低出生体重儿(ELBWI)水电解质管理的新进展,内容涉及ELBWI水电解质平衡的生理特点;ELBWI水电解质管理的原则;正常时水电解质管理的具体方法;某些与水电解质紊乱有关的病理情况如中枢神经系统损伤、呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管肺发育不良和动脉导管开放等时,水电解质管理的注意事项。ELB-WI生后最初几天应注意限制液体摄入量,使达到负平衡,防止发生肺水肿和肺外水肿,在有病理情况时更应严格限制水和钠的摄入,有利于降低支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生率和提高ELBWI存活率。

The article introduced new advances in management of fluid and electrolyte balance in extremely low birth weight infants （ELBWI） . It included the characteristics of fluid and electrolyte balance in ELBWI, principles of management of fluid and electrolyte balance in ELBWI, the specific methods of fluid and electrolyte balance in ELBWI, some clinical status related to fluid and electrolyte balance in ELBWI, such as： central nervous system damage, RDS, BPD and PDA. The author emphasized the restriction of fluid intake during the first few days after birth to keep negative balance, to prevent pulmonary edema and extra-pulmonary edema, strict restriction of fluid and electrolyte intake during clinical sickness status is benefit to lower BPD incidence and improve ELBWI survival rate.