H5N1禽流感病毒血凝素抗原快速检测试剂对不同现场标本的检测比较

Evaluation of H5-HA (Ag) Dot-ELISA for Detection of H5N1 Virus in Field Samples

利用H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素抗原快速检测试剂“H5-HA（Ag）Dot-ELISA（H5-Dot）”对来自陆禽、水禽的484份气管拭子、泄殖腔拭子和粪便拭子标本进行检测，结果：①不同采集方式的H5N1阳性标本的检出率高低有别，气管拭子的检出率最高，泄殖腔拭子次之，粪便拭子最低（P〈0．05），因此建议现场采样时应尽可能采集气管拭子标本；②陆禽标本检出率显著高于水禽标本（P〈0．05），对病毒培养阳性的陆禽气管拭子检出率达80％（95％CI：70．6％～87．8％），对水禽气管拭子标本的检出率为38％（95％CI：26．9％～49．4％），可能与标本中病毒滴度高低有关；③有症状与无症状陆禽标本的检出率无显著差异。另外，H5-Dot试剂对333份非H5病毒气管拭子标本的特异性为99．4％（95％CI：97．9％～99．9％）。这些结果表明，H5-Dot是一种较为可靠的H5亚型禽流感病毒早期快速检测方法，在缺乏仪器设施和高素质专业技术人员的H5N1禽流感病毒防控第一线具有重要推广价值。

Detection of 484 H5N1 positive field samples （trachea swabs, cloacae swabs and fecal swabs） obtained from terrestrial and aquatic poultry using a rapid antigen detection test, H5-HA（Ag） Dot-ELISA （HS-Dot）, for direct and rapid detection of hemagglutinin antigen （Ag） of H5 subtype avian influenza virus was carried out. By using H5-Dot, it was shown that： （1）The sensitivity was different in detecting field samples with varied sample sources, where trachea swab was higher than cloacae swab, and fecal swab was the lowest（P〈0.05）, which might be associated with variation of virus excretion titers. So, trachea swab is the best sample for detection of field H5 avian influenza virus by using this method; （2）The sensitivity for H5-positive swab samples from terrestrial poultry was significantly higher than that from aquatic poultry（P〈0.05）, which was 80%（95%CI：70.6% - 87.8%）and 38%（95%CI：26.9% - 49.4%）for trachea swabs respectively; （3）Sensitivity had no difference in detecting swab samples from diseased or asymptomatic terrestrial poultry. It also showed the nice specificity of 99.4% （95%CI：97.9% - 99.9%） for 333 non-H5 trachea swab samples. These results suggest that H5-Dot is an acceptable detection test for routine screening of HSN1 infection in the fields.