面向防洪救灾的人口统计数据空间化研究——以扶余县为例

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN POPULATION STATISTICS IN RELATION TO FLOOD PREVENTION AND RESCUE——A CASE STUDY IN FUYU COUNTY

人口是重要的受灾体,准确的人口空间分布信息是防洪救灾工作的重要依据。将人口统计数据与遥感数据相结合,借助GIS手段来空间化人口统计数据,模拟人口空间分布。着力分析两个问题:①居民点类型、面积、位置的精确获取;②居民点类型、面积与人口数量间的关系。研究中,首先根据地理意义和数学意义,对经典的城市人口—面积异速生长模型进行扩展,推导出城乡人口—面积统一模型。进而以扶余县为例,以1∶5万地形图为辅助数据,建立居民点分类体系,利用ETM影像提取居民点信息,在以上模型的基础上建立人口分布的反演模型,得到基于居民点的人口分布矢量数据。

Accurate information of population distribution is the important foundation for preventing flood disaster and the rescue when flood occurs. In combination of population statistics with RS data, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution in population statistics and a pattern of population distribution was obtained by using GIS. Two major problems were analyzed in this paper, as how to obtain information of residential type, area and position, and what is the relation between residential type, area and position and amount of population. On the basis of geographical sense and mathematical sense, this paper used the model of allometric growth of urban population-area, and a model of rural and urban population-area was generated. Then, by studying Fuyu County as a case, using 1 ：50 000 relief map as assistant data, building up classification system of residential points, and using ETM images to distill information of residential area, the inversion model of population distribution was set up, and the vector data of population distribution were obtained on the basis of residential points.