广东省超量开采地下水诱发的环境地质问题及防治

Environmental and geological problems caused by over-exploitation of groundwater and its prevention of Guangdong Province

广东省地下水开发利用程度虽低,但不同地区地下水的开采极不均衡。一些主要开采区,因过量开采地下水出现了诸如区域地下水位大幅度下降、地裂缝、房屋开裂、地面塌陷、地面沉降及海水入侵等一系列环境地质问题。据其严重性分为I级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级共3个等级(区)。针对这些环境地质问题,提出了诸如加强监督管理,严格控制地下水开采量,优化地下水开采布局;实施人工回灌,增加地下水补给;健全地下水动态监测网,建立地下水资源管理模型,加强水情监测和预报等防治措施。

The extent of groundwater exploitation is low in Guangdong Province, but it is districts. In some main environmental and geologi exploitation areas, due to cal problems were resuhed, earth fissure, building fracturing, the According to their seriousness, these （zones）. This paper correspondingly giv very disproportionate in various been exploited and a series of such as the great descending of the regional groundwater level, the depression of the environmental and ground, the land subsidence as geological problems are graded well as the seawater intrusion. as Ⅰ、Ⅱand Ⅲ three levels es some advice of prevention and settlement for these problems, such as to strengthen treatment and management, the groundwater withdrawal should be strictly controlled, to improve groundwater exploitation wells, to carry out artificial recharging to add groundwater resources, to build profound groundwater activity monitoring network system and to establish corresponding groundwater resources management model, to strengthen monitoring and predict the groundwater activity etc.