王家台秦简《归藏》与先秦文学——兼证其年代早于《易经》

The Bamboo Slips Guicang in the Qin Dynasty Unearthed at Wangjiatai and the Pre-Qin Literature

秦简《归藏》的筮辞可以分为两种基本类型:“叙事型”和“隐喻型”。它们都蕴含有明显的贞卜“程序”,如前者中的“卜亓邦尚毋有咎”和后者中的“黄鸟”。筮辞中“程序”的存在暗示《归藏》与古老的口头传统密切相关:“叙述型筮辞”承续了前代的某些筮占口语,“隐喻型筮辞”则继承了原始歌谣的某些语词。从两种筮辞反映的不同思维特质上看,秦简《归藏》的产生年代应早于《易经》。《易》、《诗》等先秦经典文本与秦简《归藏》,甚至其它出土贞卜筮辞有着某种程度的直接亲缘关联,值得进一步探寻。

There are two kinds of basic types of the words of divination in the bamboo slips Guicang in the Qin Dynasty Unearthed at Wangjiatai,namely ＂narrating type＂ and ＂metaphor type＂. They contain obvious words of ＂formulas＂, such as ＂卜亓邦尚毋有咎 ＂ in the former and ＂yellow bird＂ in the latter. The existence of ＂ formulas＂ hints that the bamboo slips Guicang of the Qin Dynasty is closely related to the old oral tradition .At the same time,we can find the fact that the bamboo slips Guicang of the Qin Dynasty came into being earlier than Yijing from the different thinking characters between the two kinds of the words of divination.