推进重庆清洁生产实施的制度创新问题探析

INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION FOR PROMOTING CLEARER PRODUCTION IN CHONGQING

旨在实现从源头控制污染、保护环境、提高资源利用率的清洁生产,离不开政府、企业、公众的认同、支持和参与。重庆尚处在清洁生产的初级阶段,这一阶段,企业、公众没有认识到清洁生产的重要意义,政府替代企业成为推行清洁生产的主体。为进一步推进清洁生产,实现“低悬阶段”的跨越,需要完善现有制度,进行制度创新,一方面激励企业实施清洁生产,并为企业实施清洁生产提供保障,降低实施风险,同时需要加快研究、试点环境成本核算,最终实现企业环境破坏的外部性内部化;一方面要破除企业和公众的观念、认识障碍,为清洁生产实施扫除观念障碍;其次企业也必须进行管理制度创新,提高环境意识、社会责任感,提高清洁生产实施的内动力。

Clearer production （CP） aimed at controlling pollution, protecting environment and enhancing resource efficiency cannot do without the recognition, support and participation given by the government, the enterprises and the public. At the initial stage of its implementation, the public and enterprises have not fully realized the importance and effect of CP. Therefore, the government has to substitute the enterprises in advancing CP. For this purpose, the government must, on the one hand, improve the existing policies and regulations and, on the other, carry out institutional innovation to encourage the enterprises to practice CP, reduce their risks and pilot environment costing. The enterprises should also improve their management and incorporate environment protection into their goal system.