山东石灰岩山地的植被结构特征

Vegetation Structural Characteristics of Limestone Mountainous Region in Shandong Province

阐述了石灰岩山地植被结构特征,初步提出了适宜石灰岩山地植被恢复和重建的植物种类。研究结果表明:高位芽植物是灌木层中的优势层片;地面芽植物是草本植物的优势层片;卷柏是地被层的唯一植物,在侧柏纯林和混交林中分布都很广,在林下植物中占有重要地位。沂源县的石灰岩山地以黄荆+酸枣+胡枝子—结缕草为建群种,博山区的石灰岩山地以黄荆+酸枣+胡枝子—结缕草+荩草+白羊草为建群种。在数量和功能上占优势的是灌草丛,这些种类的绝大多数为旱中生植物。两个地区的侧柏混交林与侧柏纯林林下植物种类贫乏,在植物种类组成上,侧柏纯林与混交林没有明显的不同,但也存在某些差异,即同一种植物在不同林分中的重要性不同,具体表现为重要值的排列次序不同。喜光耐旱的植物种类在纯林中的重要程度大,中生的比较耐阴的植物种类在混交林中的重要程度大。

A survey was conducted to study the vegetation structural characteristics of limestone mountainous region in Boshan and Yiyuan, and the species that are fit for the restoration and reconstruction of vegetations in this region are put forward. Results indicate that phanerophyte is the dominant synusia in the shrub layer and hemicryptophyte in the herbage layer, and Selaginella is the only species on the forest floor. Selaginella broadly distributes in the mixed and pure forests, and it holds an important position among understory vegetations. The constructive species of limestone mountainous region in Boshan is Vitex negundo ＋ Ziziphus jujuba ＋ Lespedeza bicolor and Zoysia japonica, and those in Yiyuan is V. negundo ＋ Z. jujuba ＋ L. bicolor and Z. japonica ＋ Arthraxon hispidus ＋ Bothriochloa ischaemum. The shrub grassland is dominated in number and function, and most species in the shrub grassland are xerophils and mesophytes. The understory vegetations consist of few plant species, and Platycladus orientalis mixed forest and pure forest have no obvious difference in the species composition, however they have some differences, namely, the important values of the same species are different in the two forests. The important value of the species that prefers sunlight in the pure forest is higher than that in the mixed forest, while the important value of the species that prefers shadow in the mixed forest is higher than that in the pure forest.