上海新建绿地植物群落结构的特征

Structural Characteristics of Plant Communities in New Green Space in Shanghai

对不同类型及不同规模的上海新建绿地植物群落的结构特征进行了初步调查。结果表明:①住宅区绿地的乔木、灌木种类最多,分别为18和23种;厂区绿地最少,分别为9和11种。厂区绿地常绿乔木与落叶乔木比值最大(0.95),单位附属绿地最小(0.58);住宅区绿地落叶灌木与常绿灌木比值最大(0.33),厂区绿地最小(0.14);厂区绿地的乔灌种类比值最大(0.82),而单位附属绿地的最小(0.66)。②随着绿地面积的增大,乔木、灌木、草本植物种类、物种总数均呈增多趋势但最终都趋于稳定,落叶灌木与常绿灌木的比值渐大,常绿乔木与落叶乔木的比值渐小,乔灌种类比值先增大后又减小。③植物的高度和径级为倒“J”型分布或近似倒“J”型分布。

A preliminary survey was conducted to study the structural characteristics of plant communities in new urban green space of different types and scales in Shanghai. Results show that the species diversities in arbor and shrub layers in uptown area are the highest （18 and 23 species, respectively）, while those in factory area are the lowest （9 and 11 species, respectively）. The highest ratio of evergreen arbor to deciduous arbor is shown in factory area （0.95） and the lowest one in organization area （0.58）, the ratio of deciduous shrub to evergreen shrub is the highest in resident area （0.33） and the lowest in organization area （0.14）, and the ratio of arbor to shrub in factory area is the highest （0.82） and that in organization area is the lowest （0.66）. With green area increasing, the species diversities of arbor, shrub, and herbage as well as the total species increase, but tend to be stable, and the ratio of deciduous shrub to evergreen shrub increases, the ratio of evergreen arbor to deciduous arbor decreases, the ratio of arbor to shrub increases at first and then decreases. The distributions of size class and height are reverse＂J＂ shaped or approximate reverse＂ J＂ shaped.