灰树花的培养特性与液体菌种栽培技术

Cultural Characters and Cultivation Technique of Second-class Liquid Isolate of Grifola frondosa

将从河北省迁西县购入的灰树花菌株迁西二号，分别在PDA培养基、马铃薯半组合培养基和MEA平板培养基上研究灰树花菌丝体的培养特性，并在哈尔滨地区对其进行了用液体菌种代替固体原种的栽培技术研究，包括一级种培养基的筛选、液体菌种培养基的筛选、栽培种制作与培养及出菇管理技术。培养特性的研究结果表明，灰树花在不同的培养基上宏观和微观培养特性各有不同：菌体在PDA和马铃薯半组合培养基上都能够产生细胞外酚氧化酶，说明灰树花是一种白腐菌；菌丝在PDA和马铃薯半组合培养基上生长旺盛，浓密，白色，绒毛状至絮状，菌落厚；在MEA培养基上生长较弱，气生菌丝体较稀疏。菌体在3种培养基上产生的微观特征包括多数为简单分隔、少数为节状分隔的薄壁菌丝、厚壁的纤维菌丝、圆形至椭圆形的厚垣孢子以及八面体形的晶体等结构。灰树花液体菌种栽培的结果表明：一级试管斜面菌种，灰树花在马铃薯综合培养基上生长良好，菌丝粗壮；二级液体菌种在马铃薯-葡萄糖-蛋白胨液体培养基上生长较好，10d时菌丝长满培养液，菌丝量也较多。由于采用了液体菌种的栽培模式，从制种到采收的整个过程共需要75—80d，生产周期比二级种为固体原种的常规方法缩短了40～50d，能显著地提高经济效益。

The cultural characters of isolate Qianxi No. 2 of Grifola frondosa from Qianxi County of Hebei Province were studied on PDA medium, half-combined PDA medium and MEA medium, respectively, and its cultivation technique in Harbin was developed, including screening of medium of first-class isolate, screening of medium of second-class liquid isolate, cultivation with cultural sacks and management technique of mushroom growth. Results of cultural characters show that Grifola frondosa has different macroscopic and microscopic culture characteristics on different media, and the mycelia on PDA medium and half-combined PDA medium can produce extracellular phenol oxidase, indicating that G. frondosa is a kind of white-rot fungus. On PDA medium and half-combined PDA medium, hyphae with thick colonies, dense, white, villiform to flocky, grow very well, but aerial hyphae grow faintly and loosely on MEA medium. The microscopic culture characteristics produced on the three kinds of media include thin-walled hyphae with more simple-septate and less nodose-septate, thick-walled fiber hyphae, globose and ellipsoidal chlamydospores, and octahedron crystals. The results of cultivation technique of second-class liquid isolate show that the first-class isolates of G. frondosa grow very well on synthesized PDA medium with strong and dense hyphae; the second-class liquid isolates of G. frondosa grow better on potato-glucose-peptone liquid medium with more mycelia, hyphae on the 10 th day are full of cultural liquor. The entire process from producing first-class isolates to harvesting mushroom only needs 75 - 80 days due to adopting the liquid cultivating technique, which is 40 N50 days shorter than that of the conventional method of second-class solid isolation. The liquid cultivation method can markedly improve economic benefits.