国家优秀射击运动员平衡稳定性特点及评价指标

Characteristics of and indexes for evaluating the balancing stability of excellent shooting athletes in China

运用footscan balance测试系统对国家高水平手枪、步枪射击运动员进行了平衡稳定性的的测试,通过分析得出以下主要结论:第一,所有射击运动员中男子手枪运动员身体姿态的平衡稳定性及调节能力最差;第二,射击训练只能使睁眼状态下身体晃动面积和前后晃动幅度减小;第三,一般平衡稳定性指标(身体重心前后、左右晃动幅度、轨迹长度、晃动面积)不能准确地反映高水平射击运动员平衡稳定性的特点,而派生指标——单位面积的轨迹长度(轨迹总长度与晃动面积的比值),既显示平衡稳定性,又能体现姿态调节能力,在晃动面积一定的情况下,其值越大,表明调节能力越强,晃动的频率越快,身体平衡稳定性越好,在实射时对枪支的影响越小,可作为射击运动员的评价和选材指标。

The authors used the foot-scan balance test system to test the balancing stability of high performance pistol and riffle shooting athletes in China, and drew the following main conclusions by analyzing the results： 1） among all the shooting athletes, male pistol shooting athletes have the poorest body posture balancing stability and adjusting ability; 2） shooting training can only reduce the body shaking area as well as back and forth shaking amplitude in the eye-opening condition; 3） common balancing stability indexes （back and forth shaking amplitude, left and right shaking amplitude, track length and shaking area of body center of gravity） cannot accurately reflect the characteristics of balancing stability of high performance shooting athletes, while the track length per unit area （the ratio of total track length to shaking area）, a derivative index, can not only show the balancing stability, but also reflect the posture adjusting ability. When the shaking area is fixed, larger track length per unit area indicates stronger adjusting ability, faster shaking frequency, better body balancing stability, and lesser effect on the guns at actual shooting. This index can be used as an index for evaluating and selecting shooting athletes.