15万农民健康现况及预防控制策略

Investigation on the Current Health Conditions of the 150,000 Farmers

目的:研究农村居民健康现况,干预农村慢性非传染性疾病的发生与发展。方法:对151530名农民健康体检资料进行统计分析。结果:患病率147．96‰,居前十位的疾病分别是血压异常、慢性支气管炎、眼病、鼻及鼻窦疾病、肺气肿、关节炎、耳病、尿糖阳性、肺心病、慢性肝炎。各乡镇疾病谱结构有所不同。吸烟、饮酒、受教育程度对某些疾病患病率有显著影响。结论:60岁以上人群是农村慢性非传染性疾病预防控制的重点;受教育程度愈低的人群患病率愈高;适度饮酒有益于健康,但高血压、糖尿病、慢性肝炎、关节炎患者应控制饮酒;慢性支气管炎、肺心病、慢性肝炎、冠心痛、关节炎患者应控制吸烟;高血压、肺气肿、鼻及鼻窦疾病,耳病与烟草的关系有待进一步研究;提出预防控制策略对控制农村慢性非传染性疾病的发生与发展能起到积极的促进作用,可为决策者提供可借鉴的材料和科学依据。

Objective： To research the current health conditions of the country dwellers and to intervene the occurrence and development of the chronic noninfectious diseases in the village. Methods： The data of the health examination of 151530 farmers were statistically analysed. Results： The result showed a prevalence of 147.96‰. Dysarteriotony, chronic bronchitis, oculopathy, disease of the nose and nasal sinus, emphysema of lungs, arthritis, otopathy, masculine urine glucose, pneumocardial disease and chronic hepatitis were ranked first ten diseases respectively. It also showed different structures of spectrum of disease in different small towns and obvious effect of smoking, drinking and reception of education in the prevalence of certain diseases. Conclusion： The investigation suggests that the group of people aged over 60 is the key point of the prevention and control of chronic noninfectious diseases in the country; the group with the lower reception of education yet has the higher morbidity rate; it is good for health to drink to a proper degree, but the sufferers with a disease like high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic hepatitis and arthritis should have a drinking limitation; sufferers with a disease like chronic bronchitis, pneumocardial disease, chronic hepatitis, coronary heart disease and arthritis should hold a smoking control; and the relationship between tobacco and high blood pressure, emphysema of lungs, disease of the nose and nasal sinus or otopathy is under further research. Thus, the prevention and control strategy, providing scientific materials for decision makers, is proposed to advance the control of the occurrence and development of chronic noninfectious diseases in the village.