消化道氮能神经的研究进展

Study of Nitrergic Nerve in Gastrointestinal Tract

人体消化道的神经构成复杂、功能多样,向来是学术界的研究热点之一。与其相关的新观点、新概念、新物质的报道层出不穷。20世纪末期,基于对一氧化氮(NO)生物学作用广泛而深入地研究,人们发现并明确了NO是一种新型神经递质。由于此类以NO为递质的神经具有重要的生物学效应,学术界提出了氮能神经的概念从而为我们深入了解非肾上腺素能非胆碱能神经开辟了全新的视角,同时也彰显出氮能神经在生物体中潜在的重大作用。本文将针氮能神经在胃、肠道、食管等主要消化道器官的分布情况、对消化道正常生理功能调控、以及与相关消化道疾病病理联系等方面展开综述,并设想了氮能神经可能基于一氧化氮合酶的各种异构体的相关性而在消化道正常、疾病两态之间的平衡机制中存在某种作用和联系。

The compficity and mulfifunction of the nerves system distributed in the gastrointestinal tract has been a hotspot for research which resulted in significant progress during the recent years. In the end of 20th century, the discovery of nitric oxide （NO） as a opened a completely new area for understanding the fi.mction of nonadrenergic and noncholinergic （NANC） nerve system. The establishing nomenclature of ＂nitrergic＂ nerve further indicated its importance in biological system. In current review, we focus on the distribution, physiological and pathological functions of nitrergic nerve in gastrointestinal tract and its possible influence on homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract is discussed; furthermore, the interaction between three isoforms of NOS and nitrergic nerve is explored.