国家、市场与制度变迁——1981-2000年南街村的集体化与政治化

State, Market and Institutional Change in Post-Mao Era: The Maoism-orientated re-centralization in Nanjie Village, 1981-2000

在1981-2000年,南街村形成了高度政治化、高度集体化的“南街村体制”。本文从经济增长、政治合法性和思想路线等三个方面分析了南街村的这一制度变迁过程。高度政治化、高度集体化的南街村体制是国家与市场互动演化,即国家与市场之间相互竞争、制约、强化和改变的结果。国家与市场之间的互动演化有利益、合法性和意识形态等三个维度,而互动演化所造成的制度变迁轨迹和结果则同时受中国社会转型中的现代化进程和市场化进程,以及渐进式改革中的路径依赖和文化堕距的影响一方面,现代化进程作为一种共同的历史条件制约着国家和市场各自在互动过程中的制度选择;另一方面,在路径依赖和文化堕距的交互作用下,国家与市场之间的互动会形成多种复杂的、犬牙交错的组合,从而塑造出千姿百态的制度景象甚至“悖论”。

This is a case study on the institutional change of Nanjie Village, which featured high collectivilization and politicalization during 1981-2000. The author analyzes the institutional change process from three angles: economic increase, political legitimacy and ideological line. The author argues that the Nanjie Village's institutional change is the outcome of the co-evolution, namely, competition, constraints, enforcement and transformation between the state and market. The co-evolution has three dimensions: benefit, legitimacy and ideology, and the path and outcome of institutional change under the co-evolution were shaped by both the process of modernization and marketization in China's social transformation and the path dependence and cultural lag in China's incremental reform strategy. As historical conditions, the proceeding and logic of China's modernization constrained the state and market's institutional choice. Under the interplay between the path dependence and cultural lag, the interaction between the state and market can produce various complex combinations, even “institutional paradox'.