产权理论:马克思和科斯的比较

Theory of Property Rights: Comp aring Marx with Coase

马克思用崭新的无产阶级世界观构建了产权理论大厦的主体工程。产权是所有制的法律形态。作为财产形式的法权关系,产权不但是反映经济关系的意志关系,而且是历史的产物和历史的范畴,具有历史的形式。马克思着重研究了资本主义的财产关系,即在揭示经济领域中资本和雇佣劳动之间对立关系的基础上,将价值增殖过程表述为法学和产权理论中的所有权关系及其占有过程,涉及所有权、占有权、使用权、支配权、经营权、索取权、继承权等一系列权利的统一与分离,从而论证了资本主义财产关系和产权制度的阶级对抗性质。马克思揭示的从“消极扬弃”到“积极扬弃”的变革方向,把资本主义生产关系及其产权制度将被公有制的经济关系和法权关系所代替这一历史必然性和长期发展趋势清晰地呈现出来。

Marx used a completely new proletarian world outlook to construct the main body of the theoretical edif ice of property rights. Property rights are the legal form of ownership. As a relationship of legal rights of the property form, property rights are not only a relationship between two wills which reflects economic relationships but also a product of history, belonging to the category of history and assuming the form of history. Marx made a special effort to study capitalist property relations, that is, on the basis of revealing the opposition between capital and wage labor in the economic field, he sought to describe the value-added process as ownership relations and a process of appropriation in terms of the law and the theory of property rights, involving the integration and separation of various powers such as ownership, right of possession, right of use, right of disposal, right of operation, right of demand and right of inheritance. In this way he proved the class opposition in capitalist property relations and the system of property rights. The changing direction from 'passive sublation' to 'active sublation' revealed by Marx clearly shows the historical inevitability and long-term developmental trend of the substitution of public economic and judicial relations for the capitalist relations of production and system of property rights.