“语言混乱”与法律人类学的整体论进路

Linguistic Confusion and the Path of Holism in Legal Anthropology

半个多世纪以来,“语言混乱”一直困扰着费孝通先生式的知识分子。这种困扰是因为舶来的“实证科学”教条与“在地”的信念和知识之间无法“视野融合”引起的。为解决这一困扰,可以当代的整体论哲学观察和解释中国社会的规范秩序或者“法”。以这一新整体观为原则,不但可以解释和理解当代中国“法”的实践意义或“真”,而且可以为当代法律建构带来知识论注视的“转向”,即从纠缠于实证法学与自然法学、现代司法论与本土资源论等的虚假对立中脱出,转向注视法律与价值的整体性和实践性的关联。在具体的方法论策略上,可以用整体论界说法律人类学的传统方法论——延伸个案方法和栖居进路,来阐释实践案例。

Linguistic confusion, a problem that puzzled intellectuals like Fei Xiaotong for half a century, arises from the fact that doctrines of “positivist science” introduced from foreign countries cannot be reconciled with “indigenous” beliefs and knowledge. To solve this problem, it may be helpful to use modern holistic philosophy to observe and interpret the normative order or “laws” of Chinese society. Through this new holistic principle we can not only explain and understand the practical significance or “truth” of “law” in modern China, but can also bring the “change” in the theory of knowledge to bear on the modern construction of law, i.e. free ourselves from the false dichotomies between evidentiary law and natural law and between modern judicial theories and theories of indigenous sources in which we are entangled, and turn to focus on the connection between the holistic nature and the actuality of law and values. With regard to specific methodological strategies, holism can be introduced to define the traditional methodology of legal anthropology-extending case study and dwelling path to elucidate actual cases.