热熔合反应合成超重核产生截面的同位素依赖性

Isotopic Dependence of Production Cross Sections of Superheavy Nuclei in Hot Fusion Reactions

通过在形成超重核的重离子俘获和熔合过程中引入位垒分布函数的方法对双核模型做了进一步发展．超重核形成过程中的俘获、熔合和蒸发3个阶段分别采用了半经验的耦合道模型、数值求解主方程和统计蒸发模型的方法来描述．计算了近年来Dubna小组利用热熔合反应48Ca(243Am,3n-5n) 288-286115和48Ca(248Cm,3n-5n)293-291116合成超重新核素的蒸发余核激发函数．系统分析了48Ca轰击锕系元素U,Np,Pu,Am,Cm合成超重核Z=112-116产生截面的同位素依赖性．给出了合成超重新核素最佳的弹靶组合和入射能量,即有最大的超重核产生截面．计算说明,壳修正能和中子分离能是影响超重核生成截面产生同位素依赖性的主要因素．

The dinuclear system model has been further developed by introducing the barrier distribution function method in the process of heavy-ion capture and fusion to synthesize superheavy nuclei. The capture of two colliding nuclei, formation and de-excitation process of compound nucleus are decribed by using empirical coupled channel model, solving master equation numerically and statistical evaporation model, respectively. Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, the fusion-evaporation excitation functions of the systems ^48Ca （^243Am, 3n-5n） ^288-^286 115 and ^48Ca（^24SCm, 3n-5n）^293-^291 116 are calculated, which are used for synthesizing new superheavy nuclei at Dubna in recent years. Isotopic dependence of production cross sections with double magic nucleus 4SCa bombarding actinide targets U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm to synthesize superheavy nuclei with charged numbers Z=112--116 is analyzed systematically. Based on these analysis, the optimal projectile-target combination and the optimal excitation energy are proposed. It is shown that shell correction energy and neutron separation energy will play an important role on the isotopic dependence of production cross sections of superheavy nuclei.