自然风对高速磁浮列车气动特性的影响

Effects of Natural Wind on Aerodynamic Characteristics of High-Speed Maglev Train

基于可压缩黏性流体的N—S方程和k—ε两方程湍流模型,采用有限容积法对磁浮列车受自然风作用下的气动力特性进行计算分析,结果表明:自然风导致列车表面的压力分布发生变化,除了列车头、尾部压力峰值点发生偏移外,列车迎风侧面的压力随着自然风速的增加而增大,随着自然风与列车之间夹角的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化规律;列车受到气动升力、侧向力以及侧滚力矩、俯仰力矩和偏转力矩的作用也随着自然风与列车之间夹角的增大呈先增大后减小的变化规律,且在自然风向与列车运行方向垂直时达到最大,此时列车受到的气动力及力矩作用均随自然风速的增大而单调增加。

Based on the Navier-Stokes equation of the compressible viscous fluid and the two-equation turbulent model, aerodynamic characteristics of maglev trains under windy conditions are investigated using the finite volume method. Calculation results show that the pressure distribution of the train surface changes because of the wind. It is obvious that the place of peak value of pressure is moved. The pressure on the windward surface not only increases with the accretion of the wind speed, but also begins to decrease after reaching the peak with the increasing of the angle between wind and vehicle. As for the forces and moments acting on the train, they also begin to decrease after reaching the maximum with the accretion of the angle between wind and vehicle. When the direction of the wind is vertical to that of the train, the lift, side force, rolling moment, pitching moment and yawing moment reach peak and these forces and moments will monotonously increase with the accretion of wind speed.