喉头喷雾器污染状况与消毒方法的对照研究

Bacterial Contamination and Disinfecting Methods of Throat Sprays

目的调查喉头喷雾器在耳鼻咽喉科门诊和胃镜室患者使用后的污染情况,寻求最佳的消毒方法,以降低医院感染率。方法按《消毒技术规范》规定方法进行采样及消毒,比较5种消毒方法的消毒效果。结果使用后的喷雾器存在严重的污染,除有口咽部和鼻腔分布的正常菌群外,还存在大量致病菌。喉头喷雾器在胃镜室较耳鼻咽喉科患者使用后污染程度轻。5种方法的消毒效果均较明显,乙醇灯烧烤法优于碘附法、乙醇擦拭法、碘酒加乙醇、氧化电位水冲洗法等4种消毒方法(P<0.01),碘附法、乙醇擦拭法与碘酒加乙醇3种消毒方法之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均优于氧化电位水冲洗法(P<0.01)。结论5种消毒方法均有效,以酒精灯烧烤法为最优,医院应选择合适的消毒方法,减少侵入性操作引起的医源性感染。

Objective To investigate bacterial contamination of throat sprays before and after they were used and to search for satisfactory disinfecting method, in an effort to reduce the risk of hospital acquired infections. Methods Sampling and disinfection were performed according to ＂Disinfection Technology Criteria＂. The disinfection effects of 5 kinds of disinfecting methods （burning, iodophor, alcohol only, iodine plus alcohol, oxidized potential water） were compared. Results Throat sprays were seriously contaminated after they were used. In addition to the normal bacteria of nasopharynx, many kinds of disease-causing bacteria were also found on the sprays. Contamination in otorhinolaryngology department was more serious than in endoscopy department. All the 5 disinfecting methods showed satisfactory disinfecting effects, with the effect of burning being the best among the 5（ P 〈0.01）. The effects of alcohol, iodophor, iodine plus alcohol group were similar, but they were significantly better than oxidized potential water washing （ P 0.01）. Conclusion The 5 sterilizing methods in this study all have satisfactory outcomes,with the effect of alcohol burner being the best. Suitable sterilizing method should be chosen to reduce hospital-acquired infections caused by invasive manipulations.