冬大麦花后穗部氮素积累及转移的研究

Study on the nitrogen accumulation and translocation during grain filling in winter barley

在大田条件下,以扬饲麦3、扬饲麦1、苏啤2号和扬农啤2号等4个品种为供试材料,在07、5、1502、25 kg/hm24个氮肥处理水平下,研究了大麦花后穗部氮积累及转移的规律。结果表明,在扬饲麦3、扬饲麦1、苏啤2号和扬农啤2号4个品种各氮肥处理的平均值中,开花期绿叶的含氮量依次为2.64%、2.76%、2.63%和2.45%,穗部含氮量依次为1.43%、1.83%、1.69%和1.51%。成熟期子粒含氮量分别为2.65%、2.63%、2.48%和2.14%。氮的花前积累量(NABF)依次为17.68、15.27、19.80和14.85 mg/plant,总积累量(NTA)分别为33.75、25.51、54.24和28.83mg/plant,花后积累量(NAAF)依次为16.061、0.25、34.45和13.98 mg/plant,转移量(NT)依次为12.60、10.551、3.48和9.54 mg/plant,转移效率(NTE)分别为71.49%、69.84%、68.42%和64.97%。收获指数(NHI)分别为84.91%、81.95%、88.47%和81.90%;随着施氮水平的提高,各品种的花前氮积累量、总积累量、花后积累量和氮转移量均呈上升趋势,而氮转移效率、氮转移对子粒的贡献(NCR)率则成下降趋势;大麦花后穗部氮积累过程可以用Richards方程W=A/(1+be-kt)m来描述,通径分析方程各特征参数与氮积累和转移的关系表明,影响大麦穗部氮积累和转移的主要因素是最大积累速率,其次是起始积累势,最大积累速率越高,起始积累势越小,越有利于氮的积累和转移。同时,积累中期和前期的积累速率和积累量对大麦穗部氮积累和转移的影响也较大。

Four winter barley cuhivars, named Yangsimai 3, Yangsimai 1, Supi 2 and Yangnongpi 2, were used to study N fertilization on nitrogen accumulation and translocation at the stage of grain filling under field condition. The results showed that, the N contents of Yangsimai 3, Yangsimai 1, Supi 2 and Yangnongpi 2 were 2.64 %, 2.74 %, 2.63 % and2.45% in green leaves, 1.43%, 1.83%, 1.69% and 1.51% in spikes, and 2.65%, 2.63%, 2.48% and 2.14% in grains respectively. For Yangsimai 3, Yangsimai 1, Supi 2 and Yangnongpi 2, N accumulation before the stage of flowering（NABF） were 17.68, 15.27, 19.80 and 14.85 mg/plant and N translocation （NT） were 33.75, 25.51, 54.24 and 28.83 mg/plant; N accumulation after flowering （NAAF） were 16.06, 10.25, 6.32 and 5.32 mg/plant and N translocation （NT） were 12.60, 10.55, 13.48 and 9.54 mg/plant; N translocation efficiency （NTE） were 71.49%, 69.84%, 68.42% and 64.97%; and N harvest index （NHI） were 84.91%, 81.95%, 88.47% and 81.90%. NABF, NTA, NAAF and NT increased with increasing N application rate, but NTE and nitrogen transfered to grain （NCR） reduced. Nitrogen accumulation in spikes during grain filling fit Richards equation. The relationship between parameters of the Riehards equation and the N accumulation and translocation was studied by path analysis. The results showed that the primary factor affecting nitrogen accumulation and translocation was the maximum accumulation rate and the next was the outset accumulation potential. Higher accumulation rate or less outset accumulation rate was more advantageous for the nitrogen accumulation and translocation. Meanwhile, the nitrogen accumulative amount and the nitrogen accumulative rate during early and middle stages could also affected the nitrogen accumulation and translocation.