《德意志意识形态》研究的四个问题

A New Stage of Studing on Germany Idelolgy

广松版和新MEGA的先行版,是国际上编辑《德意志意识形态》的两大流派的代表版本。汉译广松版的出版,对于我们了解广松流派(包括涩谷版)无疑具有十分重要的意义。现阶段中国研究《德意志意识形态》应该遵从以汉译广松版为基本文本、同时参照新MEGA的先行版和涩谷版的原则。除了“《德意志意识形态》的编辑问题”以外,在研究《德意志意识形态》时,我们还应该关注“卡尔.马克思问题”、“市民社会历史观”以及“马克思和恩格斯问题”。“卡尔.马克思问题”是马克思的思想在《德意志意识形态》时期有无断裂的问题。广松涉提出的“从异化(Entfremdung)到物象化(Versachlichung)的飞跃”,实际上发生在1844年的《巴黎手稿》。“市民社会历史观”涉及重新评价马克思的“市民社会概念”问题。马克思是通过对市民社会概念的批判才建构了唯物史观的。“马克思和恩格斯问题”是马克思和恩格斯的思想差异问题。广松版的出版和新MEGA对马克思原始手稿的全面出版,使两者的差异问题成为我们无法回避的焦点问题。对上述四个问题的研究,将成为中国现阶段马克思主义研究的一个重要方向和生长点。

The versions of Hiromatsu and Vorabpublikation （the preceding version of Germany Ideology of MEGA2） are two representative ones of the two main schools compiling Germany Ideology in the international academic society. The publishing of the version of Hiromatsu in Chinese is playing an extremely important role for us to understand the School of Hiromatsu （including the version of Shibuya）. Now the studies of Chinese scholars should be based on the texts of the version of Hiromatsu while referring to the preceding version of MEGA2 and the version of Shibuya. Except the problem of compilation of Germany Ideology, we should also focus on ＂the Problem of Karl Marx＂, ＂the Problem of the historical view of civil society＂and ＂the Problem of Marx and Engels＂. ＂The Problem of Karl Marx＂ relates to the problem if there were discontinuities in the thoughts of Marx in the period marked by Germany Ideology, and＂the jump from Entfremdung to Versachlichung＂brought forth by I-Iiromatsu actually happened during the period marked by Paris Manuscript written in 1844;＂the Problem of the historical view of civil society＂ relates to the problem of how to evaluate ＂the concept of civil sociaty＂, based on which Marx founded his HHistorical Materialism; and ＂the Problem of Marx and Engels＂ relates to the problem of the differences between the thoughts of Marx and Engels, which could not be avoided to be a focus with the publishing of the thorough original texts in the versions of Hiromatsu and MEGA2. The studies of the above four problems will become a new concentration area of the studies of Marxism of the present stage in China.