气雾化制粉技术发展历程及展望

Progress and prospect on the gas atomization

气雾化制粉具有环境污染小、粉末球形度高、氧含量低以及冷却速率大等优点。经过多年的不断创新和完善,气雾化制粉技术已发展为生产高性能金属及合金粉末的主要方法,成为支撑和推动新材料研究及新技术开发的先导因素。然而,气雾化制粉工艺本身是一个多相流相互耦合作用的复杂过程,人们对气雾化机理至今仍未能透彻认识;在大批量低成本制备均匀、微细粉末方面仍面临严峻的挑战。期待技术的改进,甚至雾化原理的突破。就此,本文简要回顾了气雾化制粉技术的发展历程,着重介绍了近年来的研究进展和技术创新成果,并对其发展前景进行了探讨和展望。

In virtue of its high cooling rate, perfect sphere degree, low environmental pollution and nearly free oxygen, gas atomization has been practiced widely in modern and national defense industry. With great progress in the past many years, it is gradually becoming the prevalent method of producing high quality metal and alloy powders, even the prerequisite and crucial foundation for propelling the development of PM^2 and other related new high techniques. However, gas atomization itself is an extremely complicated process with various inter - coupled factors and multi- phase fluid, which has been not understood thoroughly. Therefore, technical improvement even breakthrough on the atomization mechanism have to achieve so as to meet the urgent demands for producing uniform and fine powders massively at low cost. As for those mentioned above, a brief introduction on the history, progress and present situation of gas atomization was given, furthermore, the potentials for future study and application were also prospected.