Triticum spelta 1BS染色体对K型小麦不育系花粉发育的影响

Effect of Triticum spelta 1BS Chromosome on Pollen Development of K-Type Male Sterile Lines of Wheat

利用非1B/1R与1B/1R类型小麦雄性不育系及保持系,对2类K型不育系及其保持系花粉发育过程中丙二醛含量、花粉细胞膜透性、SOD活性、花粉发育形态等几个方面进行比较研究。结果表明,2类型小麦不育系花粉丙二醛含量和花粉提取液电导率从减裂期到散粉成熟期变化趋势基本一致,都呈上升趋势,而保持系在花粉发育全过程中2项指标都基本保持平稳。2类型不育系SOD活性从单核期到三核期都一直呈下降趋势。与保持系相比,2类不育系的SOD活性从单核期到二核期均显著高于其相应的保持系,三核期均低于其相应的保持系,且呈继续下降趋势。推断2类不育系的败育过程和败育时期基本一致,花粉败育的关键时期可能均为单核期到三核期。但花粉发育形态的染色观察表明,非1B/1R不育系从二核期出现花粉形态异常,而1B/1R不育系到三核期才出现,似乎又反映出非1B/1RK型不育系花粉败育稍早于1B/1RK型不育系。

The content of MDA, membrane permeability, SOD activity and developmental morpha of pollens during the pollen development in non-1B/1R and 1B/1R male sterile lines and their maintenance lines were analyzed. The results showed that the content of MDA and conductivity of pollen extract in two types of wheat sterile lines had nearly the same increasing tendency from meiophase to pollens diverging stage; whereas their maintenance lines had no remarkable difference between each other and these two indexes remained stable during the whole course of pollen development. SOD activity of both types of sterile lines showed a downtrend from uninucleate stage to trinucleate stage. The SOD activity was higher in both sterile lines than in their respective maintenance lines from uninucleate stage to binucleate stage; and that was lower in both sterile lines than in their respective maintenance lines at trinucleate stage, and that appeared in a continuous downtrend. Therefore, it could be inferred that the abortive processes and stages of the two sterile lines were almost the same; and that the key stages of pollen abortion were from uninucleate to trinucleate. However, from the cytalogical observation we found that pollen morpha was abnormal in non-1B/1R sterile lines at binucleate state but in 1B/1R sterile lines at trinucleate stage, indicating that pollen abortion of non-1B/1RK-type sterile lines was a little earlier than that of 1B/1RK-type sterile lines.