急性CO中毒418例临床分析

Clinical analysis of 418 acute CO poisoning cases

目的了解东莞地区急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒的特征和高危因素,探讨急性CO中毒防治的策略。方法对1998年1月～2005年12月期间收治的急性CO中毒病例进行系统地回顾性分析研究。结果8年间共收治急性CO中毒患者418例,男158例,女260例,男女比例1:1.65,平均年龄(24.76±10.23)岁,高发年龄段是21～30岁,占42.11%;外省来莞打工人员是急性CO中毒的高发人群,占63.40%;室内冲凉燃汽热水器意外是本地区急性CO中毒的主要原因,占84.93%;近8年急性CO中毒呈上升趋势,平均每年增长约108%;冬春季是本地区急性CO中毒的高发季节,占93.78%;轻度中毒、中度中毒和重度中毒分别占49.52%、38.04%和12.44%,94.50%行高压氧治疗,平均住院时间4.26d,85.65%的患者治愈,1.20%的患者死亡,5.74%的患者出现急性CO中毒迟发性脑病(DEACMP)。结论东莞地区急性CO中毒的发病具有明显的中毒源、职业、季节、年龄和性别等特征,值得引起重视,开展针对性的宣传教育和采取有效防范措施是遏制急性CO中毒的重要手段。

Objective To understand the characteristics and high risk factors associated with carbon monoxide poisoning in patients of Dongguan and provide reference for making preventive and treatment measures. Methods There acute carbon monoxide poisoning cases hospitalized in Dongguan from January 1998 to December 2005 were systemalicly and retrospectively analyzed. Resuits There were 418 carbon monoxide poisoning patients including 158 males and 260 females with the average age of 24.76 ± 10. 23 years old, the patients mainly concentrated in the age group of from 21 to 30 years old, accounted for 42.11%. The poisoning accident main occurred to workers from outside of Dongguan City, accounted for 63.40%. The main causes of poisoning was due to indoor mechanical disorder of gas heaters, accounted for 84.93 %. In the last 8 years carbon monoxide poisoning showed an increasing tendency with an annual increase of 108%. Most of the poisoning accidents occurred in winter and summer in this area, accounted for 93.78 %. The rates of light moderate and server poisoning were 49.52 %, 38.04 % and 12.4.4 %. 94.50 % of them received hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The average duration of hospitalization was 4.26 days. 85.65% of the them were cured, 1.20% died and delayed encephalopathy due to acute carbon monoxide poisoning occurred to 5.74 % of the patients. Conclusion Obvious characteristics, such as poisoning sources, occupation, age, sex, etc. were observed in acute carbon monoxide poisoning patients. Effective measures including health propaganda and preventive measures be carried out to control the occurrence of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.