我国户籍制度的宪法学批判——兼议社会主义新农村建设的制度环境

The Criticism of Chinese Household Registration System in the Field of Vision of Constitution——Also Discussing the System Environment of the New Socialist Village Construction

我国户籍制度初衷良好,但在演进过程中其功能却被人为的异化了,它侵害农民的宪法权益,违背平等、自由、公正的宪法理念,是“三农”问题的制度根源,是社会主义新农村建设的制度障碍。应当站在宪政的高度对其进行改革:逐步剥离户籍的身份含义、福利含义,还原户籍“人口统计、社会治安、制定国策依据”的原初功能,按照国际惯例,建立全国统一的、以身份证管理为主的一元户籍制度;必须有一系列相关的配套改革措施,来保证各种人为障碍的消除,并适当丰富和规范社会利益分配的标准。

Although the incipient purpose of Chinese household registration system was good, its function has been alienated artificially in the progress of evolving. It infringes the constitutional rights of the peasants, and violates the constitutional ideas such as equality, freedom and justice. It is the system root of the agriculture -countryside -peasant problem, and the system barrier of the new socialist village construction. As a result, reforms should be made from the constitutionalist point of view. The identity and welfare meanings of Chinese household registration should be separated gradually to realize its original function of vital statistics, society order and basis of formulating national policy by establishing a national unified household registration system according to international practice. A set of accessory reform measures should be done to eliminate diverse artificial barriers, enrich and regulate the criterion of social interest distribution.