论孟子的美学思想

On Mencius' aesthetic thoughts

孟子的“充实之谓美”,将道德伦理直接升华为审美体验,强调了磅礴的阳刚之美。在人生境界上,它是通过养浩然之气实现的。他的共同美感思想,将声色感官愉悦与心灵的愉悦贯通起来领悟,体现了生理与心理的贯通原则。而在社会领域,这种共同美感思想又被他拓展为“与民同乐”思想。他的“知人论世”和“以意逆志”思想,本来是谈人格修养和人际关系时说的话,同时也是一种颂诗读书的方法,对后代的文学批评产生了深远的影响。

Mencius called fullness beauty. He directly sublimated the ethics to the aesthetic experience, emphasizing the majestic masculine beauty which was realized by keeping noble spirit in the life realm. His common aesthetic thoughts were to combine the pleasant feeling of sound and color with the pleasant feeling of soul, showing the principle of associating physiology with psychology. And in the society, the common aesthetic thoughts were developed as the thoughts of sharing happiness with people. His thoughts of making comments on public figures and social affairs and suppressing ones desire with will was originally about personality and interpersonal communication. But they were also a kind of way of reading poems and books and produced profound influence on the later literary criticism.