油菜小孢子培养影响因素及黄籽油菜双单倍体群体的构建

Factors Influencing Microspore Embrogenesis and Construction of Dihaploid Population in Yellow-seeded Brassica napus L.

针对我国油菜小孢子培养供体材料一般种植在大田,受外界环境影响较大,出胚率较低的现状,对大田环境条件下小孢子培养的主要影响因素进行了研究。同时,为了构建黄籽油菜双单倍体群体,研究了黄籽油菜的出胚情况。结果表明,不同取样时间对小孢子胚状体再生频率的影响很大;秋水仙素处理游离小孢子对胚状体的诱导有一定的负面影响,浓度越高,影响越大;黄籽油菜的出胚率较低（0.56枚/皿）,同样条件下,不到黑籽油菜的1/8。不同黄籽单株间出胚率差异较大,变异幅度在0.04~1.97枚/皿。采用小孢子苗直接移栽大田技术,移栽成活率达89.0%,经染色体加倍后,最终构建了含有127个株系的黄籽油菜双单倍体群体。

In China, donor plants for microspore culture usually grow in field and are affected by external environment greatly, leading to low embryogenesis rate. To solve this problem, critical factors, which may have effects on embryogenesis rate were investigated. Meantime, yellow-seeded rapeseed was studied for its response to microspore culture. The results showed that sampling date had tremendous influence to embryogenesis rate, and negative effect of colchicum treatment was detected, with the higher colchicum concentration, the greater influence. Embryogenesis rate of yellowseeded rapeseed was only about one-eighth of the black-seeded ones. However, the embryogenesis rate among different yellow-seeded plants varied greatly, ranging from 0.04 - 1.97 embryos per plate. The plant survival rate reached 89.0% by directly transplanting microspore derived plants from culture jars to field. After chromosome doubling, a yellow seed dihaploid （DH） population containing 127 lines was constructed.