急性脑梗死动脉溶栓后即刻CT图像颅内高密度病灶的鉴别

Differential diagnosis of hyperdensities on computed tomography immediately after intra-arteriai thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke

目的分析急性脑梗死动脉溶栓后即刻CT平扫图像颅内高密度灶的类型及其临床意义。方法在发病6h内接受动脉、静脉联合溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者22例,溶栓前均接受CT、MRI检查并被证实为急性脑梗死且排除合并的脑出血。对梗死动脉溶栓后即刻CT图像颅内高密度病灶进行了同顾性分析。结果经动静脉联合溶栓治疗后,溶栓后即刻CT图像上出现高密度灶5例,发生率为22．7% (5/22)。根据其位置、CT值和24 h随访结果,溶栓后即刻CT图像颅内高密度病灶被分为2类,即对比剂增强和脑出血转化。其中,表现为对比剂增强2例,即高密度病灶呈脑回状或片状,CT值小于90HU,24 h CT复查高密度灶消失;3例表现为脑出血转化,即CT值大于90HU、24h CT复查高密度依然存在。2例对比剂增强患者,未作特殊处理,临床症状改善明显。结论动脉溶栓后即刻CT图像上出现高密度病灶并非都是脑出血转化。根据其分布、CT值的大小,必要时24 h CT复查进行鉴别有助于患者的正确处理。

Objective The present study was to differentiate the hyperdensities on CT immediately after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute iscbemic stroke. Methods Twenty two patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with intra-arterial combining with intravenous thrombolysis within 6 hours after onset. All patients underwent nonenhanced CT scans before, immediately and 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy. The hyperdensities on CT after intra-arterial thrombolysis were analyzed retrospectively. Results Five hyperdense areas were seen in 22 patients immediately after thrombolytic therapy. According to their locations, CT values and follow-up CT scans, the hyperdensities on CT imaging were classified into two groups： contrast enhancement and hemorrhagic transformation. The former was characterized by rapid clearance of the hyperdensity lesion with maximum Hounsifild Unit 〈 90, on the contrary, the latter was noted by persistence of hyperdensity lesion after 24 hours CT scan with maximum Hounsifild Unit 〉 90. Two of the five hyperdense lesion patients were confirmed to be contrast enhancement with location in cerebral cortex, the other were hemorrhagic transformation, mostly located in basal ganglia. Hyperdensity in patients with contrast enhancement showed neurological improvement although no further medical cares were offered. Conclusions Different kind of hyperdensity on CT immediately after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke can be differentiated according to its location, CT value and follow-up CT scan. When contrast enhancement occurred, no further medical care is needed.