术前放化疗对局部晚期中低位直肠癌疗效和预后的影响

Evaluation of preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in sphincter preservation for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer

目的 探讨术前放化疗对局部晚期中低位直肠癌疗效和预后的影响。方法 对103例行根治术治疗的局部晚期中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者均接受术前放疗，中位剂量40Gy／4～5周。57例患者放疗的同时给予5-氟尿嘧啶或希罗达化疗2个周期，休息4～6周后手术。59例患者行保肛手术，44例行腹会阴联合切除术。生存率的计算采用Kaplan-Meier法，生存率比较采用Logrank检验，多因素分析采用Cox模型。结果 术前放疗和放化疗后总的病理完全缓解率为9．7％。共有27例患者降期，降期率为26．2％。83例治疗前评价难以保肛的低位直肠癌患者中，40例成功完成了保肛术，转化率为48．2％，全组保肛率为57．3％。3年总生存率和无病生存率分别为66．3％和59．5％。单因素分析表明，放化疗后病理反应及术后分期与生存率有关；多因素分析结果显示，生存期仅与术后分期有关。结论 术前放疗或放化疗有利于提高局部晚期中低位直肠癌的保肛率，采用保肛术与腹会阴联合切除术的局部控制率和生存率相似。

Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy on the sphincter preservation and local tumor control as well as survival for the patient with locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer. Methods 121 locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer patients were treated with preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery after rest of 4 to 6 weeks. 103 of these patients who underwent radical surgery were finally included in this study. The irradiation regimen was： 40 Gy/4 - 5 weeks, whereas 57 of these 103 patients received concurrent chemotherapy of 5-Fu or Xeleda. Sphincter-preserving surgery was performed in 59 patients and abdominoperineal resection in 44 patients. The survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier model, and the differences between groups were compared using Log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox＇s model. Results Ten patients （9.7%） achieved a complete pathological respouse（pCR） to preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The sphincter preservation rate was 57.3%. The 3-year overall survival （OS） and disease free survival （DFS） was 66.3% and 59.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that pCR and postoperative pTNM stage were prognostic factors affecting survival, whereas, only pTNM stage was an independent prognostic factor （P = 0. 003 ） by multivariate analysis. Conclusion Neoadjuvant preoperative radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy is effective in local tumor control and improving survival for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer, which can raise the rate of sphincter-preserving surgery, and achieve comparable result to abdominoperineal resection.