中国种子植物属的地理成分分布格局及其与气候和地理的关系(英文)

The relationship between geography and climate in the generic-level patterns of Chinese seed plants

基于覆盖了全中国各地理区的204个地区植物区系研究资料和这些地区的841个气象站资料,我们对中国种子植物属的地理成分分布格局及其与气候、经纬度分布的关系进行了研究,并结合这些分布格局探讨了中国植被分带和植物区系分区。结果如下:(1)除世界分布、栽培和入侵成分外,大部分中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布与地理相关密切;(2)热带分布属(泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及热带亚洲分布合计)占各地方植物区系的0.84%到94.38%,其最低值出现在中国西北部的新疆和青海地区,最高值出现在中国云南南部和海南;(3)热带分布属在<北纬30o的地区占优势,除热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布外,其它热带成分随纬度增加迅速减少;(4)温带分布属(北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、地中海区、西亚到中亚分布、中亚分布和东亚分布合计)占各地方植物区系的5.1%至98.83%,其最高值出现在中国西北部的新疆地区,最低值出现在中国云南南部和海南;(5)除东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外,其它温带成分随纬度增加迅速增加;(6)在温带成分中,东亚和北美间断分布及东亚分布属主要出现在中国亚热带到暖温带地区,北温带分布、旧世界温带分布和温带亚洲分布属在中国北部占优势,而地中海区、西亚到中亚分布和中亚分布属则在中国西北部占优势;(7)除世界分布、东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外,所有其他成分都显示了与气候因素(主要是气温和降雨量)密切相关,其中,北温带分布属与年均温和年降雨量最为密切相关。中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布格局与现行的中国植被分带和植物区系分区密切匹配,支持现行的中国植被分带和植物区系分区方案。

This paper aims to illustrate the distribution patterns of generic-level elements of Chinese seed plants and their correlations to climatic and geographic gradients. A total of 204 regional floras covering all of China were used to make distribution maps for all seed plant genera using GIS （Geographic Information Systems） technology. Climatic gradients were based on data sets from 841 meteorological stations throughout China. Definitions for floristic distributional patterns were based upon the work of Prof. Z. Y. Wu. Most of these floristic distributional patterns were strongly correlated with the geographic gradients in climate, except for cosmopolitan, cultivated and invasive genera. Tropical genera form a large fraction of the total genera （ranging from 0.84% to 94.38% in the regional floras） with the highest proportion in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Tropical genera occur predominantly in southern China of 〈30° N latitude and decreased with increasing latitude, as would be expected. Interestingly, the disjunct Tropical Asia and Tropical America distribution were not restricted to southern latitudes. Temperate genera account for 5.1% to 98.83% of the total genera in regional floras with the highest proportion in the province of Xinjiang. Most of these genera followed geographic gradients in climate as expected （temperate genera conspicuously dominate the landscape at higher latitudes）, except the East Asian and North American disjunct distribution, Eastern Asian distribution and Chinese endemic distribution. Generally, most plant genera demonstrated some correlation with climatic and geographic gradients. The most important gradients were those of annual air temperature and precipitation. A small fraction did not dernonstrate significantly particular pattern： ＂Cosmopolitan＂, ＂East Asian and North American disjunct＂, ＂Eastern Asian＂ and ＂Chinese endemic＂ distributions. The North Temperate distribution had the highest correlation with mean annual air temperature and precipitation. These results demonstrate that the Chinese seed plant genera correspond well to recognized vegetation zones and floristic regions, providing further support for the current phytogeographic definitions.