中国海相碳酸盐岩的储层类型、勘探领域及勘探战略

Reservoir Types, Exploration Domains and Exploration Strategy of Marine Carbonates in China

中国海相碳酸盐岩有效储层成因类型主要包括古风化壳岩溶储层、礁滩储层及层状白云岩储层三大类。陆上中—古生界盆地三类储层均有分布,海上第三系盆地主要发育礁滩储层。针对我国海相油气地质特别是陆上中—古生界油气成藏的复杂性,提出应该加强对勘探及认识程度相对较低的礁滩储层形成的原生岩性-成岩圈闭油气藏的研究与勘探工作。石灰岩古风化壳岩溶储层具有强烈的非均质性,白云岩储层的含油气性比较依赖于有效储盖组合及构造圈闭。鉴于我国海相油气资源潜力巨大、勘探程度较低,故应该加强海相油气资源特别是陆上主要盆地海相油气资源及南海油气资源的研究与勘探开发,尤其要加强层序地层及岩相古地理编图等基础油气地质研究工作。

Available genetic types of marine carbonate reservoirs in China chiefly include epidiagenetic paleo-karst reservoirs, carbonate reef-shoal reservoirs and layered dolostone reservoirs. In the globe, the former two are also the common types in marine carbonate oil and gas fields. In China, all of the three types are distributed in Mesozoic and Paleozoic basins in land while the reef-shoal reservoirs mainly developed in Tertiary basins offshore. As for complexity of marine petroleum geology, especially that of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Mesozoic and Paieozoic reservoirs in land, it is put forward that research and exploration should be put on the reef-shoal reservoirs of pdrnary strati- graphic-dlagenetic traps to which prospecting and recognizing degree are rather low. Paleo-karst limestone reservoirs are usually intensively heterogeneneous while preservation conditions of hydrocarbon in delostone reservoirs commonly depend on available cap rocks and structural traps, which maybe bring to more challenges to exploration. As to great potential oil-gas resources in marine sedimentary rocks and low-mature exploration in China, it is suggested further to carry through the research and exploration to madne oil-gas resources, including those in chief basins such as Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos and Qiangtang basins as well as those in South China Sea, especially should pay regard for the basic research of petroleum geology dealing with sequence stratigraphy, lithofacies paleogeography mapping and others.