近代中国粮食流通对粮食安全的影响——以20世纪二三十年代长江中下游地区为例

Impacts of Modern China's Grain Logistics on Grain Safety:The Case in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yongtze River in 1920's & 1930'

粮食安全是人类社会存在和发展的基本保障,粮食流通是粮食安全目标得以实现的重要一环。文章选择20世纪二、三十年代这一特定历史时期,考察了在世界市场体系框架下长江中下游地区粮食流通状况,对粮食的流向、流量和流通费用进行了较为细致的研究分析,认为粮食流通成本过高对当时的粮食安全产生了较大的负面效用。它造成了粮价的大幅波动,因赈粮不能及时运到也大大影响赈灾救荒的效果。同时,还导致国产米谷与洋米麦的竞争失败,使得粮食产区相对过剩而引发“谷贱伤农”,给粮食安全带来长期的隐患。

Grain safety is the basic safeguard as to human being＇s survival and development, and grain logistics is very important in achieving the goal of grain safety. The paper makes a research into the grain logistics in the region of the middle and lower reaches of Yontze River of China within the frame of world market in the 1920＇s or 1930＇s. After a detailed analysis about the direction, volume and the cost of grain logistics during this period, it holds that, the high cost of grain logistics had negative impacts on the grain safety at that time through the following two channels. First, it causes the big fluctuations of grain price and dwarfs the effects of famine-relieving due to the delayed transportation. Second, it leads to China＇s failure in the competition with foreign grain, and the surplus in China＇s grain-planting area induces the phenomena of ＇cheap grain hurts farmers＇, which is a hidden disease to China＇s long-term grain safety.