昆虫病原线虫资源概况和分类技术进展

Entomopathogenic nematodes and advances in taxonomic techniques

昆虫病原线虫是具有重要潜在应用价值的害虫生物防治资源,主要包括斯氏线虫科(Steinernematidae)的斯氏线虫属Steinernema与新斯氏线虫属Neosteinernema线虫和异小杆线虫科(Heterorhabditidae)的异小杆线虫属Heterorhabditis线虫。近10年来,分子生物学方法与传统的形态学方法相结合应用到线虫的鉴定与分类,昆虫病原线虫的分类进入稳定与发展时期,越来越多的新种或品系被发现及应用于生物防治。目前已描述的昆虫病原线虫种类达65种,其中斯氏线虫属52种,新斯氏线虫属1种,异小杆线虫属12种。本文整理列出了迄今报道的昆虫病原线虫种类及其来源,并综述了昆虫病原线虫分类现状以及鉴定与分类方法上的研究进展,重点阐述了分子生物学技术在昆虫病原线虫鉴定与分类的应用状况。

Entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are potential biological control agents against pest insects, of which Steinemematidae is represented by the genera Steinernema and Neosteinernema, and Heterorhabditidae by the genus Heterorhabditis. Over the past decade, new technologies （especially molecular methods） have been incorporated into the traditional morphological approaches in identification and diagnosis of entomopathogenic nematodes. The entomopathogenic nematode systematics has come into a phase of stability and growth. More and more newly discovered nematode species/ isolates have been used into the biological control of pests. At present, there are 65 recognized named species of entomopathogenic nematodes in the two families, with 52 species in Steinernema, 1 species in Neosteinernema and 12 species in Heterorhabditis. This paper lists the species of entomopathogenic nematodes and their sources, and reviews the advance in the taxonomic status and the taxonomic techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes, with emphasis on the molecular methods.