北京市孕产妇贫血患病率分析

Analysis on the morbidity rate of pregnant woman anemia in Beijing

目的：掌握北京市孕产妇贫血患病率及其相关影响因素。方法：对孕中期、孕晚期和产后3～7天的妇女采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，调查了10所分娩医院的2654名孕产妇，每例研究对象填写调查问卷、进行血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞计数（RBC）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）等指标的检测，对晚期妊娠组血红蛋白检测结果〈110g／L的研究对象，抽取空腹肘静脉血，测定血清铁蛋白。贫血诊断标准：血色素检测结果〈110g／L诊断贫血；血色素检测结果〈110g／L且血清铁蛋白〈11．0ng／ml，诊断为缺铁性贫血。结果：孕期总贫血患病率为19．5％，其中轻度贫血占97．4％，中度贫血患病率仅为0．5％，无重度贫血。孕中期与孕晚期患病率分别为17．7％和21．3％。产后总贫血患病率为40．7％，其中中度贫血患病率为6．5％，重度患病率为0．6％。孕晚期缺铁性贫血患病率为11．5％，缺铁性贫血占孕晚期贫血的71．3％。有6项因素在中度贫血组与非贫血组间比较有显著性差异：户籍状态（城市或农村）、文化水平（高中以上和初中以下）、孕期血色素检测次数（0次与〉13次）、孕期医生是否进行营养指导、每天牛奶摄入量是否≥250nd，每周是否吃鱼虾类产品等。结论：加强产科门诊医师孕期营养与饮食指导方面的知识技能培训，使每位怀孕的妇女都能得到正确的饮食营养指导；应从孕中期开始常规补充多种维生素。

objective： To obtain the morbidity rate ot anemia dunng pregnancy and postpartum period in Beijing. Methods： The studying objects were divided into 3 groups ： the pregnancy metaphase , the pregnancy afternoon and the post partum 3 ～ 7 days.. A questionnaire was filled out through interview, and a blood test for Hemoglobin concentration （ Hb）, red blood cells count （ RBC ） , MCV and RDW were taken for all studying objects. When Hb 〈 110 g/L at the pregnancy afternoon was found, the blood test for serum iron （SI） was taken. During pregnancy, anemia was defined as hemoglobin level 〈 110 g/L, Iron - deficiency anemia was defined as having both hemoglobin level 〈 110 g/L and SI 〈 11. 0 ng/ml. Results： The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was 19. 5%, Among them 97.4% were light anemia （ 89 g/L 〉 Hb 〈 110 g/L） , hemoglobin level 〈 90 g/L and 〉 69 g/L was only 0. 5%, severe anemia eases （ Hb 〈 70 g/L） were no found in pregnancy groups. The morbidity rate of anemia in post partum 3 ～7 days was 40. 7%. In this group, the hemoglobin level 〈90 g/L and 〉69 g/L was 6. 5% , severe anemia was 0. 6%. The prevalence of Iron - deficiency anemia during the last trimester of pregnancy was 11. 5%, which was 71.3% of the total anemia eases. The analysis of relevant factors showed that there were significant differences between no - anemia group and the group of hemoglobin level 〈 90 g/L and 〉 69 g/L on 6 aspects, which were education level, household register, frequency of taking blood test for hemoglobin level during pregnancy, nutrition advice obtained, and the amount of milk ingestion in everyday. Conclusion： The nutrition advice to the pregnant women at prenatal care examination should be strengthened. Multi - vitamin should be supplied from the second trimester of pregnancy.