环境经济学在矿业环境治理过程中的应用

Discussion on the Application of Envirionmental Economics in the Process of Environmental Improvement

当前,我国矿山环境问题突出。造成这种局面的主要原因是没有把环境成本纳入矿山企业的运行成本。文章给出了环境经济学分析问题的基本框架,分析了矿山开采环境问题的特殊性,这些特殊性包括矿业对地域区位的依赖性、破坏的大量不确定性以及不可逆性。根据特殊性讨论了环境经济学的适用性。针对其特殊的不确定性和不可逆性特色,文章给出了成本核算的基本原则和方法,并指出从成本核算的角度看,不可逆问题实际上是时间域内的不确定性问题。不确定性问题转化为确定性问题或者风险问题依赖于技术层面学科(如矿山环境影响评价和矿山环境地质学等)的支撑。随着这些技术学科的发展,矿山环境问题就会更精确地纳入成本———效益分析框架,从而发挥更大的作用。

The paper focuses on the problems of mining environment.Based upon environmental economy,the paper analyses the particularities with regard to the environment of mine exploitation,these include: the dependance of mining industry on location,a lot of uncertainties and incovertibility of damage to the environment.In light of the characteristics,the paper offers the basic principles and methods of cost accounting and it points out that in actually the irreversibility is uncertainty within a time-domain,it goes on looking at that if we want to shift the uncertainty to certainty or risk,we must depend on the support of the technological subjects such as evaluation of mining environment impacts,mining environment geology.With the development of these technological subjects,the problems of mining environment will be brought into cost-efficiency analysis precisely.