民俗传承元素在儿童计划免疫传播策略中的应用

A pretest study on the application of folklore transmission element in health communication materials of childhood immunization IEC strategies

目的了解民俗传承元素在儿童计划免疫的信息—教育—交流策略传播材料中的应用及与目标人群的相关性、可接受性、可行性和适用性。方法1．走访当地主要民俗传承人—歌师和歌手,观察了解当地侗族和苗族的主要民俗传承系谱。2．在贵州省黔东南州2个县,针对4种传播材料共进行两轮预试验,预防接种关键信息分别访谈10名村干部,对115名和134名村民进行宣传画问卷调查,分别组织6组民歌VCD和接种证宣传插页的小组讨论。结果1．根据村干部的文化程度及背景,第一轮预试验后,将6条关键信息内容进行通俗化修改;通过第二轮预试验,80％的被访村干部均能理解关键信息的内容。2．第一轮预试验后,对宣传画的文字和图画内容均进行修改、完善;第二轮预试验,在能认读宣传画文字的村民中,91．7％的人能完全理解含义,92．5％的村民能基本看懂图画的内容,对宣传画的接受性、认同性较高。3．鉴于苗族和侗族语言存在地域差异,第一轮预试验后调整民歌VCD策略,民歌只作为一种吸引本民族传播受众的手段,各首民歌之间插播预防接种关键信息;第二轮预试验中大部分村民能听懂关键信息的内容。4．预防接种证插页是宣传画的黑白形式,修改后95．6％的村民可以看懂大部分内容,97．8％的村民对此形式表示认同和接受。结论儿童计划免疫侗族、苗族民歌VCD创作中充分吸收了大量的民族文化元素,既可减少民族文化艺术的消失,又可以传播健康文化,获得较好效果。经两轮预试验后,信息—教育—交流的4种传播材料形式保留,传播策略适当调整,内容修改确定,建议在信息—教育—交流传播策略中使用。

Objective To learn the relativity between the application of folklore transmission element in health communication materials of childhood immunization IEC strategies and the targets, the acceptability, feasibility and applicability of the materials. Methods 1. To interview with some persons of folklore transmission and to observe folklore transmission element ;2. Questionnaire survey, focus group discussions（FGD） and in-depth interviews（IDI）： The 4 kinds of materials were pretested two times at rongjiang county and jianhe county in qian dongnan state in Guizhou. In each time, 10 village leaders were interviewed on the key messages, questionnaire survey on the poster were conducted among 115 and 134 villagers, 6 FGDs on folk song and foldout of immunization card were made, respectively. Results 1. According to village the staff＇s culture degree and backgrounds, after the first pretest, proceed 6 keys information contents popular to turn the modification; Passing the second pretest, 80 % village leaders visited is all the contents of the apprehensibility key information. 2. In the first pretest , only 33.0 % targets could understand words on poster and 51.3 % targets could learn the picture, which a few words and drawing were easy to misunderstand and were revised according to the targets＇ suggestions. In the second pretest, 64. 2 % targets could understand words on poster and 92. 5 % targets could learn the picture with higher acceptability and approval. 3. Owing to the Miao and the Dong language region difference, after the first pretest adjusts the folk song VCD strategy, the folk song is used as only a kind of attraction this race spreads to is means by the audience, the each folk song puts to sow the vaccination key information; The second pretest prepares to experiment inside big and parts of village peoples can hear the contents that understand the key information. 4. The foldout of immunization, 95.6 % targets could understand and 97. 8 % targets had acceptability and approval to the fold out. Conclusion It＇s necessary for pretest study on health communication materials before implementation of health promotion strategy. From communication and folklore principle to see, communicators use the native race culture signelement possibly and much, not only can reduce or avoid the disappearance of the national minority culture art, but also can benefit to spread again health culture. The artistic inside of the folk song in this research VCD tried to absorb adequately the race culture chemical element of a flood of Dong , Miao proceed the health spreads, and acquire the good result, The 4 kinds of materials were practical value, they were finalized after two times pretest and could be used in IEC strategy.