破体:中国文学批评的文体传统及演变规律

Break: A Tradition and Evolvement Rule of Chinese Literary Criticism Style

“破体”有两个层面的含义:刘勰称“设文之体有常”,特定的言说内容须安放于相应的言说方式(体裁、语体、风格等)之中,但古往今来的中国文论家却“破”这个“常”,有意无意地将理论内容安放于文学文体之中,此其一;一时代有一时代之批评文体,此一时代之新文体是对彼一时代之旧文体的“破”,此其二。前者滥觞于庄子,后者绵延至当下。中国文学批评之“破体”,意在不断变更文体形态以寻求最佳言说方式;而“破体”作中国文学批评的文体传统和演变规律,对于当下的文学批评有着重要的启示及借鉴意义。

The meaning of ＂break＂ mentioned in this article has two aspects： One is the variation of the special style, just as Liu Xie said that literature had its constant styles. Furthermore, special content calls for special mode （genre, style, manner, etc） to express, but Chinese critics of all ages ＂broke＂ this constant style, express the theoretical content in a literary way consciously or unconsciously ; another is the evolvement of the traditional style, each age has its particular critical style, the style of a new age is the ＂break＂ of the previous one. The former aspect can trace back to Chuang - tzu, the latter one remains existent today. The ＂break＂ in Chinese literary criticism style aims at changing the style to find the best means to express; and as a tradition and evolvement rule of Chinese literary criticism style, ＂break＂ exerts a pivotal role in inspiring and referencing current literature criticism.