爆速对纳米氧化铝尺度控制影响研究

Research on relation between explosive velocity and ultrafine aluminum oxide size control

将硝酸铝和黑索金按照不同的质量比均匀混合形成4种粉状的混合炸药，每一种炸药爆轰都得到了纳米氧化铝．对每次收集到的实验粉体分别进行了高分辨率透射电镜分析和X光衍射分析．分析结果表明4种混合炸药爆轰所得到的纳米氧化铝呈球形，颗粒尺寸分布比较均匀，尺寸范围为15～20nm，晶型为γ型．另外由X光衍射数据利用Scherrer公式分别计算出每一种质量比的混合炸药爆轰所得到的纳米氧化铝的平均颗粒尺寸．利用BC-3型爆速仪测得4种混合炸药的实际爆速．研究发现爆速越高的混合炸药爆轰所得到的纳米氧化铝的颗粒就越细，同时绘出了爆速与颗粒尺寸的关系曲线．在一定的尺寸范围内，根据此曲线可以通过改变混合炸药的爆速来控制合成出的纳米氧化铝颗粒尺寸．

Four kinds of the mixed explosives were made by aluminum nitrate and pentaerythritol tetranitrate （RDX） at different mass ratios. Ultrafine aluminum oxide was synthesized by each mixed explosive by detonation. Every collected powder was studied systematically by XRD and high-resolution TEM. Results indicate that ultrafine aluminum oxide is spherical and spherical grains are very homogeneous, the grain sizes vary from 15 nm to 20 nm. The aluminum oxide is γ-aluminum oxide. According to XRD data, the average sizes of ultrafine aluminum oxide were worked out by Scherrer formula. The actual explosive velocities of four kinds of the mixed explosives were measured by the apparatus of BC-3 model. Research results indicate the higher the explosive velocity is, the finer the average crystal grain of ultrafine aluminum oxide will be. The relation curve between explosive velocity and crystal grain was drawn out. In some dimension scope, according to the relation curve explosive velocity can be changed easily to control the dimension of nanogranule initiatively in a definite range.