论华南喷流－沉积块状硫化物矿床

A DISCUSSION ON THE EXHALATIVE SEDIMENTARY MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS OF SOUTH CHINA

现代海底喷流－沉积硫化物矿床的发现极大地推动了海底热液成矿理论的发展，也大大地提高了对古代海底喷流块状硫化物矿床的研究水平。本文指出喷流－沉积是重要的成矿作用，提出喷流－沉积矿床是华南Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｎ、Ａｇ、Ａｕ等矿产资源的重要来源，形成了一批超大型矿床，并将华南许多曾被认为属夕卡岩型的矿床重新确认为喷流－沉积矿床。文章还论述了华南喷流－沉积块状硫化物矿床的特征、分类、时空分布及其成矿特点等问题，提出断裂拗陷带型喷流－沉积块状硫化物矿床是华南具有特色的类型。

The seafloor exhalative sedimentary mineral deposition is a very important process by which many copper, lead, zinc, iron, tin, silver and gold deposits in South China were formed. Many polymetallic massive sulfide deposits in this area, previously thought to be of magmatic hydorthermal type or skarn type, have been studied and recognized by the present authors as the exhalative sedimentary deposits. These deposits can be subdivided into five groups according to the tectonic environments of their formation and types of their host rocks: 1) Cu and Cu Pb Zn massive sulfide deposits related to spilite keratophyre series, such as Xiqiu Cu deposit in Zhejiang Province; 2) Sedimentary rocks hosted massive sulfide deposits, such as Dajiangping pyrite deposit in Guangdong Province; 3) The Kuroko type deposits in island arc rift, such as Xiacun Ag Pb Zn deposit in Sichuan Province; 4) Massive polymetallic sulfide deposits in ancient fault depressions, such as Dabaoshan Cu Pb Zn deposit and Fenglin Cu deposit in Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces respectively; 5) Exhalative sedimentary deposits in fault controlled Mesozoic Cenozoic continental basins, such as the massive sulfide deposits in Nanjing Wuhu area. These sedex deposits are widespread and usually form extensive metallogenic belts, such as Fe Cu(Au) belt of middle lower reaches of Yangtze River, Sn polymetallic belt in NW Guangxi province, and Sn Ag polymetallic belt in SE Yunnan province. The major features of mineralizations and the space time distribution of the massive sulfide deposits in South China are also discussed. It has been emphasized in this paper that the exhalative sedimentary massive sulfide deposits in ancient fault depressions are extremely specific for South China. In addition, the group of exhalative sedimentary deposits in the fault controlled Mesozoic Cenozoic continental basins are worthy to be further studied in the future.