图式对听力理解中语用推理的影响

Influences of Schema Theory on Language Inference in Listening Comprehension

听者对所听材料的理解是其语言知识和图式知识相互作用的结果。影响听力理解的图式包括语言图式、内容图式、形式图式和策略图式。图式既可以促进学生理解能力,在听力推理中起补充作用,但有时也会阻碍语用推理的进程,并随语境的变化而影响语用推理的结果。教师除了要帮助学生扫除听音过程的障碍以外,还要帮助学生建立上述图式。

The understanding of listening materials is the interaction result of the listener＇s language and schema knowledge. The schemata that influence listening comprehension include： language schema, content schema, form and strategy schema. Schema can promote the listening comprehension ability of students, and also plays a supplememary part in listening inference. But sometimes, it will be the obstacle in the process of pragmatic inference. As the change of context, it will influence the result of pragmatic inference. So as the teacher, not only helps the students overcome the difficulties in listening comprehension, but also helps them set up the schema thinking which are mentioned above.