长城北京段风景区植被特征及植物多样性

Attibutes of vegetation and status of plant diversity in Great Wall Scenic-spots in Beijing

为了对长城北京段风景区的植被景观恢复重建和生物多样性的保育提供科学依据,探讨旅游开发对风景区生物多样性的影响,对长城北京段八达岭、慕田峪、司马台风景区的植物多样性进行了样方调查。结果表明:八达岭、慕田峪、司马台分别含维管植物459、626、437种,41个群系;植物向菊科、禾本科、豆科等世界性大科集中;八达岭与司马台物种相似性较大,但与慕田峪群系相似性较大。根据海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位因子对群落进行除趋势典范对应分析(DCCA),发现海拔是决定植物群落类型分布的主要因子,但群落物种多样性与海拔没有明显的关系;用Wilson指数和群落结构变异指数对荆条、油松等常见群落β多样性测度发现,旅游影响降低了风景区内局部地区如海拔420、490、620m等处物种多样性;八达岭、司马台景区内森林群落还处于森林植被恢复演替初期,群落不稳定,应加强封育、抚育。同时,根据长城景区植物多样性、植被及旅游管理现状提出了相关保护建议。

In order to provide scientific data for vegetation landscape restoration and rehabilitation as well as conservation of biodiversity around Great Wall in Beijing, and to analyze the influence of tourism on the biodiversity in scenic-spots, plot measurements were used in Badaling, Mutianyu and Simatai scenic-spots in Beijing, which are famous for Great Wall. The results show that： there are 459 plant species in Badaling, 626 species in Mutianyu, 437 species in Simatai respectively; and there are 41 formations in these scenic-spots. In average, 25% of the species in these areas belonged to Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae. Similarity analysis revealed that the species in Badalin were most similar to those in Simatai, while the formations in Badalin were most similar to those in Mutianyu. For the detrended canonical correspondence analysis （DCCA） combining the vegetation and environment factors, it expresses that the gradients and the variation characteristics of the community structure and environment are well, the DCCA was used for analysis the slope, slope position, aspect, altitude factors which influence on community, the result shows that altitude is the driven factor to influence the distributionof community, but the plant biodiversity in a community has insignificant correlation with the altitude. The β index of Pinus tabulaeformis community, Populus davidiana community, Quercus mongolica community, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla community, Carpinus turczaninowii community was estimated by Wilson index and Community Structure Variation （CSV）, it shows that the tourism has had serious influence on some parts of scenic-spots, especially on the areas with the altitude of 420,490, 620 m and 910 m, this caused by the environments matrix was changed by tourism. The community succession is initial and instable in Badaling and Simatai, the conservation and artificial tending treatments should be taken. At last, the advices were put forward on biodiversity protection, artificial tending treatments and tourism planning.