西部生态脆弱地区农业功能区划及模式探析——以宁夏盐池县为例

Research on Agricultural Functions Regionalization and Sustainable Development Strategy of Ecologically Vulnerable Environment in the West of China—A Case of Yanchi County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

西部地区农业生产自然条件恶劣,生态系统脆弱,长期以来存在荒漠化、水土流失等威胁,而该区又属社会、经济发展相对缓慢的农业地区,如何在新农村建设中既实现农业产业化、专业化,又同时满足当地建设和保护生态环境的需求、发展地区循环经济,农业资源与环境的功能区划是重要前提。论文以该区典型农业县——宁夏盐池县农业生态经济系统为例,结合数学生态学模型与聚类分析模型,在地域区划基础上进一步解析其社会、经济功能分异,探讨该县农业功能空间分异格局,结果划分为5个农业功能区,并提出实现各区农业循环经济的发展模式及相应生态建设措施。

The ecological condition of agriculture in the west of China is extremely fragile and there exists the potential of a series of problems,such as severe desertification,environmental degradation.Meanwhile,its social and economic basis is relatively weak,especially in the typical agricultural regions.How can we not only realize agricultural industrialization and agricultural specialization in the fragile regions,but also combat the environmental problems in the process of their agricultural production,then develop sustainable economic system in local regions？It is necessary to make the functional regionalization of agricultural resources and environment ahead of schedule.Based on the sustainable idea and the eco-economical-system theory,this paper explores indexes of the agricultural-functional regionalization in Yanchi County,which is a typical agricultural county in central Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The paper combines mathematics-ecology models with clustering analysis models of statistics to make the agricultural-functional regionalization of the county.On the basis of physiographical regionalization,it adds the principal components analysis of social and economic indexes,which come from the analytic function models of SPSS and include four typical elements reflecting the standard of agricultural production profit,the population pressure,the population increasing rate and the standard of nonagriculture of each village respectively. The final result of agricultural-functional regionalization includes five agricultural-functional sub-regions： 1） the grain-economic-crop-wood-stockbreeding-medicine eco-economic region in the upland of northern part of the county,which consists of five villages,and its function should be focused on developing byproducts to meet the demand of good market condition while preventing desertification; 2） the stockbreeding-wood-grassland-grain eco-economic region in sandy upland and bottom land,which consists of four villages,and its function should be focused on raising sheep while seeding degenerated pasture; 3） the grain-oil-economic crop-stockbreeding-special local product region in the sandy bottomland which consists of two villages,and its function should be focused on developing special local farm products of food and oil plants while paying more attention to local salina; 4） the grain-economic crop-fruit-vegetable- stockbreeding region in the upland and bottom land of Dashuikeng town,and its function should be focused on the economic product,such as fruit and vegetables while protecting drainage area in the south; and 5） the grain-oil-special local product-fruit-stockbreeding region in the upland and low mountain area which consists of four villages,and its function should be focused on planting oil plants and pasture of high quality while conserving soil and water in the loess upland. Through analyzing eco-economic characteristics of these regions, the paper proposes the sustainable development strategy for each region.