西藏生物质能开发的资源、环境基础分析

An Evaluation on the Basis of Resource and Environment for Developing Bio-energy in Tibet

开发生物质能是缓解能源供应紧张、环境污染严重这两大难题的理性选择。而由于生物质能蕴藏于生物质中,生物质又与区域自然地理特征息息相关,因此,各地发展生物质能具有明显的区域特性,不可一刀切。论文分析了西藏发展生物质能的资源条件和环境基础,认为西藏生物质能资源总量大而单位面积的生物净初级生产量不高,自然环境脆弱且生物质能利用与环境关系紧张。在前人关于西藏的太阳能、生物量、净初级生产量研究基础上,从生物质能转化过程的角度,提出了可利用生产量的概念及生物质能可持续利用的模式,继而估算出了西藏的生物质能资源总量2400×104tce/a。最后,在肯定西藏生物质能开发的可行性的同时,提出了因地制宜,适度开发的战略。

Developing bio-energy is a rational choice for solving problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution.As bio-energy is contained in biomass,and biomass has close relationship with characteristics of physiography,the suitability of developing bio-energy in a certain region must be evaluated according to its regional speciality.Based on the previous researches on solar energy,biomass,net primary productivity （NPP） of Tibet, accounting about the conversion process from solar energy to bio-energy and bio-energy sustainable utilization, the concept of usable productivity is presented.In order to keep biome community succession in sequence and restore endangered biome community,human being should not use up NPP.Under the condition of the stability and safety of biome community,part of NPP that human being can utilize is called Usable Productivity.Usable productivity can be used as biomaterial and bio-energy resource.With the help of these concepts,the quantity of bio-energy resource of Tibet is estimated.After analyzed the resource and environment of Tibet,the author finds out that the gross bio-energy resources is huge （24 million tce p.a.）for Tibet＇s expansion,while the average productivity of bio- energy resources is small （0.2tce per ha.in a year）in Tibet;that the environment is fragile,and the relationship between bio-energy utilization and environment is strain. Accordingly,the strategy of finite utilization according to different geographical characteristics is put forward.The core of the strategy is to balance the bio-energy exploiting and environmental protection,and the key of the strategy is to define the appropriate role of bio-energy in the whole energy consumption.Three measures are helpful to implement the strategy： 1） to ascertain the useable productivity scientifically and control the quantity and intensity of biomass that is exploited and used ;2）to prorate the quantity of biomaterial and bio-energy in the useable productivity; and 3） to suit measures in line with local conditions.