城市旅游地景观格局分析方法——以大连为例

Landscape Structure Analyses for Urban Tourism Planning:A Case Study of Dalian

文章在简述旅游地演化和结构研究的基础上,基于景观的特征要素提出城市旅游地演化的概念模型。并且以大连为例,利用ArcGIS作为分析手段,从整体角度和分区角度(环形和方位分区),探讨了大连城市景观自1980年以来的空间演化规律。结果表明:①旅游景观面积先递减后增加,面积先递减4.81km2,后增加34.78km2,比重先下降3.2%后增加1.6%,公园与广场景观面积及面积比显著增加,面积增加了14.05km2;②非旅游景观面积比重1989年后递减,比重递减了8.5%;③1989年后内圈和中圈景观旅游化过程显著,其中内圈和中圈非旅游景观比重分别下降5.8%、5.86%,内圈和中圈的公园与广场景观面积比重增加5.0%、4.6%;④从方位分区看,南部区域的旅游景观面积大,公园与广场景观面积比重增加快,观赏性房产景观面积及比重也显著增加;北部区域的非旅游景观面积大,而1989年后其面积比重显著下降。

Tourism industry plays an increasingly important role in the development of a city.As an urban tourism destination（UTD）,tourism industry can have the leading role in developing the city. So it would be necessary to analyze UTD landscape features and changes in order to understand relationship between urban landscape and tourism,and to summarize evolution theory of UTD.A conceptual evolution model of UTD based on resort life cycle model and destination spatial structure according to urban landscape features.A UTD landscape classification method was provided based on tourism,with which UTD landscapes were divided into three main types, namely,tourism industry landscape type,non-tourism industry landscape type and intermediate landscape type, and three landscape types were further subdivided into 13 kinds of landscape types,the spatial distribution of UTD landscape types were based on the distribution of land use categories in 1980,1989 and 2003 in Dalian and the above classification method. The evolution rule of Dalian＇s landscape was summarized by virtue of software ArcGIS as a whole Dalian and according to different districts of Dalian through comparing spatial distribution of UTD landscape types in 1980, 1989 and 2003.The main findings were as fonows：1）Area of tourism industry landscape decreased by 4.81km^2 from 1980 to 1989,and then increased by 34.7 km^2 from 1989 to 2003, and CA （Class Area）and PLAND（Percentage of Landscape）of parks and squares increased, and its area increased by 14.05km^2. 2）PLAND of non-tourism industry landscape decreased by 8.5% after 1989. 3）The process of tourismification was obvious in the inside circle and middle circle after 1989,PLAND of non-tourism industry landscape decreased by 5.8% and 5.86% in the inside circle and middle circle respectively,while PLAND of parks and squares in the inside circle and middle circle increased by 5.0% and 4.6% repectively. 4）In the south of Dalian,PLAND of tourism industry landscape was larger in area than that of the north,and area of tourism industry landscape increased rapidly; while in the north of Dalian, the area of non-tourism industry landscape was larger,PLAND of it decreased obviously.