氨基酸代谢与免疫反应

Amino Acid Metabolism and Immune Response

炎症反应和感染性疾病均可改变机体的蛋白质和氨基酸需要,导致动物采食量下降、生长受阻和肌肉消耗,这主要是因细胞因子(如IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α)的增加而改变了蛋白质代谢。在免疫反应中,氨基酸将发生重分配并主要用于合成参与炎症和免疫反应的蛋白质以及参与免疫细胞增殖和其他免疫反应的重要化合物。免疫系统的活化可干扰机体正常的生理反应并导致对某些特殊氨基酸的需要量增加。本文主要综述了某些特殊氨基酸(通常是必需氨基酸)在免疫反应中的重要作用。

Metabolic changes associated with inflammatory processes and infectious disease can modify protein and amino acid requirements. In such circumstances, depressed food intake and growth and muscle wasting are frequently observed. This is thought to be the consequence of an increase in the production of cytokines such as interleukin 1 （IL- 1）, interleukin 6 （IL-6）and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）acting to alter protein metabolism. During immunological stress, amino acids are redistributed away from protein production（growth, lactation, etc.） towards tissues involved in inflammation and immune response. They are used for the synthesis of inflammatory and immune proteins, to support immune cell proliferation, and for the synthesis of other compounds important for body defense functions. As a consequence, stimulation of the immune system disturbs normal body processes and in turn is able to induce specific amino acid requirements. In this context, the amino metabolism and immune response are briefly introduced.