湘西北海拔高度对烤烟多元酸及高级脂肪酸含量的影响

Effects of the Altitude in Northwest of Hunan Province of China on Content of Polybasic Organic and Higher Fatty Acids in Flue-cured Tobacco

为了研究海拔高度对烤烟多元酸及高级脂肪酸含量的影响，探讨海拔高度与烤烟品质的关系，以代表性烤烟品种云烟87为材料，统一土壤基质、种植密度、施肥水平、施肥方案和其他农艺措施，于湘西北海拔200-1000m范围内的不同海拔高度进行了盆栽对比试验，并采用毛细管气相色谱分析法测定了不同海拔高度盆栽烟叶11叶位C3F等级初烤烟的多元酸及高级脂肪酸含量，从而探讨了海拔高度对烤烟多元酸及高级脂肪酸含量的影响．主要研究结果是：（1）湘西北海拔高度与烤烟草酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸及苹果酸的含量均呈负相关（P〉0．05），海拔1000m处C3F等级初烤烟的草酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸及苹果酸的含量分别只有海拔200m处的72．96％，58．36％,77．47％和68．92％．（2）湘西北海拔高度与烤烟棕榈酸、硬脂酸、“亚油酸＋亚麻酸”的含量均呈正相关。与前二者的相关程度分别达极显著水平（P〈0．01）和显著水平（P〈0．05），但与“亚油酸＋亚麻酸”含量的相关程度未达显著水平（P〉0．05）；海拔1000m处C3F等级初烤烟的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、及“亚油酸＋亚麻酸”的含量分别为海拔200m处的126．04％和221．25％和159．63％．（3）湘西北海拔高度对琥珀酸、月桂酸和油酸的含量影响不大.

In order to explore the effects of planting altitude on content of polybasic organic and higher fatty acids in flue-cured tobacco, and disclose the relationship between planting altitude and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a pot-culti- vation experiment of Yunyan 87 a representative flue-cured tobacco breed, was conducted based on identical soil matrix, planting rate, fertilizer rate, schedule, and all cultivation practices at altitudes from 200 m to 1 000 m above sea level of Cili County intne northwest of Hunan Province of China. The content of polybasic organic and higher fatty acids of the cured leaf samples at leaf-position 11 from the pot-cultivation experiment were determined by capillary gas chromatography. On this basis the effects of the altitude on content of the above organic acids were investigated in the paper. The results showed that： （1） the content of oxalic, citric, malonic and malic acid in cured leaf of C3F grade of Yunyan 87 was negatively related with the altitude with notable level P 〉 0.05 ; the respective content of them at the altitude 1 000m above sea level was 72.96% ,58.36% ,77.47% and 68.92% of that at the altitude 200m; （2） the content of palmtic, stearic and linoleic acid in cured leaf of C3F grade of the breed was positively related with the altitude, with notable level P 〈 0.01 for palmtic acid, P 〈 0.05 for stearic acid and P 〉 0.05 for linoleic acid; the respective content of them at the altitude 1 000 m above sea level was 126.04%, 221.25% and 159.63% of that at the altitude 200 m; （3） scarce effects of the altitude on the content of succic, lauric and oleic could be found in the experiment.