运动与非运动群体大学生压力与心理健康关系的研究

A RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS LEVEL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE STUDENTS GROUPED AS SPORT CROWD AND NON-SPORT CROWD

采用自编《大学生参加体育活动情况调查问卷》、编译的《大学生压力反应测评问卷》和《大学生心理健康诊断量表》对在校大学生3 267人进行了调查.研究发现:1)运动群体大学生在生理、情绪和认知3个维度上的压力反应程度低于非运动群体大学生;重点学校大学生在行为压力、情绪压力和认知压力维度上的压力反应程度均低于非重点学校大学生;农村和县/镇的大学生在行为、情绪和认知3个维度上的压力反应程度显著高于直辖市/省会城市以及中小城市的大学生;2)通过回归分析发现:压力的4个纬度对大学生心理健康水平的解释率依次为认知压力、生理压力和情绪压力,而行为压力对大学生的心理健康影响不大;运动通过压力的4个维度对大学生心理健康水平产生促进作用,其从大到小排序为认知压力、运动生理压力和情感压力,而运动通过行为压力对心理健康的作用不明显.

The self-conducted College Students＇ Sports Participation Investigation Questionnaire, the translated Stress Reaction Test for College Students Questionnaire and Psychological Health Diagnosis for College Students Scale are applied to conduct a survey which included 3 267 college students who are still studying for degrees on campuses. The results of the survey are presented as follows： 1） Compared with nonsports crowd of college students, sports crowd of college students face less stresses in terms of physical stress, emotional stress and cognitive stress; Compared with non-famous colleges students crowds, those who come from famous colleges face less tresses in terms of physical stress, emotional stress and cognitive stress; Concerning the source of students, compared with those from countryside, college students who are citydwellers face less tresses in terms of physical stress, emotional stress and cognitive stress as well. 2） The results of regression analysis show that except behavioral stress, the other three types of stresses （physical, emotional and cognitive stress） are positively related with psychological health levels, which means that the higher these three stresses are the less a college student is considered psychologically health. The contribution of sports participation to psychological health among college students in terms of the three types of stresses ranks as cognitive stress, physical stress, and then emotional stress.