宁夏引黄灌区春小麦节水灌溉模式的研究

Research of the mode of water-saving irrigation for spring wheat in the Ningxia irrigation area

黄河流域缺水将是一个长期的态势,今后有可能成为制约宁夏引黄灌区种植业生产发展的瓶颈。本研究在引黄灌区小麦套种玉米种植方式上小麦产4500 kg/hm2左右的生产水平下,模拟了5种灌水方式对小麦产量的影响.结果表明,在早灌头水的前提下,小麦全生育期灌4次水能够满足小麦正常生长发育对水分的要求,获得最高产量,在水资源正常情况下,应采用此灌水模式。在水资源短缺的情况下,从节水和提高水效益的角度考虑,可采取全生育期灌3水的控灌方式。全生育期灌水超过4次,不但浪费水资源,而且不利于产量的提高.

The shortage of water in the basin of the Yellow River will be a long-term situation, which will be the bottleneck to restrict the cultivating production in the Ningxia irrigation area of the Yellow River. Five irrigation modes were tested to study the influence the wheat yield under the condition of the wheat yield of about 300 kg on the farmland of wheat interplanting corn in the irrigation area of the Yellow River. The results showed that under the condition of earlier first irrigation, four times of irrigation were able to meet the demand of water during all growing period of wheat for the regular growth of wheat and high yield could be obtained. This irrigation mode was used under the common condition of water resource. Under the condition of the shortage of water .resource, the controlling mode of three times of irrigation during all growing period could be taken from the point of view of water saving and increase of water benefit. Over four times of irrigation during all growing period would waste water resources as well as be disadvantageous to the increase of yield.