战争罪的国内立法研究

On China's Domestic Legislation of War Crimes

战争罪是在战争或者武装冲突中发生的违反战争法规、严重侵犯人权的罪行。战争罪主要是国际法上的罪行,但国内法院也承担着追究战争罪罪犯刑事责任的重要任务。将我国缔结的国际公约里规定的战争罪转化为国内刑法上的犯罪,是我国作为缔约国应当履行的条约义务。但我国《刑法》只有第446条和第448条规定的两个犯罪才基本符合国际法对于战争罪的定义。我国《刑法》应当专章设立“危害人类和平与安全罪”,使其包括战争罪等核心罪行,这样可以更好地维护我国的刑事管辖权,有效地避免我国公民受到国际刑事法庭的审判,以便享受《国际刑事法院规约》补充管辖原则提供的益处。

War crimes are offenses committed during a war or armed conflicts that violate the rules of war and infringe upon human rights. War crimes are mainly subject to international law, but domestic courts also bear the responsibility to punish perpetrators of war crimes. It is China＇ s duty to incorporate into her domestic law the provisions pertaining to war crimes in international conventions of which China is a signatory. However, only two crimes that are contained in Articles 446 and 448 in China＇ s Criminal Act are consistent with a war crime in international law. China should add a new chapter named ＂Offences against the Peace and Security of Mankind＂ to the Act so as to contain the main contents of war crime. Thus, we can well reserve our criminal jurisdiction, effectively avoid China＇ s citizens being tried by international criminal tribunals, and enjoy the benefit provided by the complement jurisdiction principle of the Rome Statute.