先秦认知能力理论的嬗变

The Evolution of Cognitive Abilities' Theories before the Qin Dynasty

出于时代的需要,先秦哲学家一直十分关注人的认知能力,并在思考的过程中逐步建立了比较正确的认知能力理论。从各种感官认知能力及其认识对象的区分,到“心”的认知作用的发现,再到“心”的认知对象及其认识能力在认识过程中主动性的确立,我们可以发现,从公孙龙到墨子,再到荀子,先秦哲学完成了认知能力理论在逻辑上的发展演变,最终素朴地区分了感性认识和理性认识两种认知能力,并在一定程度上正确地把握了二者的辩证关系。

The philosophers before the Qin Dynasty paid close attention to human being＇s cognitive abilities,and through deep thinking,they had built a comparatively correct cognitive abilities＂ theory step by step. From distinguishing the various sensory organs＂ abilities and the corresponding cognitive objects to the foundation of the Heart＇s cognitive ability,and the foundation of the Heart＇s corresponding cognitive objects and the establishment of the Heart＇s initiative in process of cognition,we can see from the thinking of Gongsun Long,Mozi and Xunzi that the logical evolution of cognitive abilities＂ theories were completed by the philosophers before the Qin Dynasty,and two kinds of cognitive abilities,namely perceptual cognition and rational cognition were simply differentiated ultimately,and the dialectical relationship between the two kinds of cognitive abilities was correctly grasped to some extent.